nf Jtrailli. WITH REFERENCES TO THE ARMORIAL SHIELDS IN WOODHOUSE CHAPEL. (N. stands for the North Windows, S.for the South, and E.for the East.) Maude Percy .tpJohn lord Neville.=y=Elizabeth Latimer. TI ——1 Margaret Staf-=i pRalph first Earl of=i =Joane Beau-= f=Robert Ferrers of Oversley. Thomas lord Furnival. John lord Latimer. ford. Westmerland. fort. (1st husb.) (page 327.) (page 327.) (Note, p. 327.) John lord Ealph Margaret lady Richard William lord Fauconberg. (N. 7.) KATHARINE DUCHESS OF NORFOLK. El zabeth lady Neville. Neville Sorope. (N. 11.) Earl of George lord Latimer. (N. 6.) (N. 3 and S. 2.) Greystock (p. 327.) ofOvers-Philippa lady Salisbury Robert bishop of Durham. (N. 8.) Alianor Countess of Northumber- (N. 9), and =f= ley. Dacre. (N. 12.) (N. 5.) Edward lord Abergavenny. land. (N. 8.) Mary lady Ne- I (S.I.) =f (p. 330.) Anne Duchess of Buckingham. (N.4.) villeofOvers- I ( Cecily Duchess of York. (p. 337.) ley. (p. 333.) ! 1 King Heniy= =Margaret Ralph 2d Earl of Sir John Sir Thomas ]EUchard Earl of Warwick Katharine= =Wiffiam lord Has­ VI. (E. 3.) of Anjon. Westmerland. Neville. Neville, and Salisbury. Neville. tings, (p. 339.) (E.4.) (N. 1.) (N. 10.) (p. 330.) I Edward Prince of Wales.=Anne Neville. Hastings Earl of Huntingdon. (Anns in the East Window.) THE ARMQRIAL WINDOWS OF WOODHOUSE CHAPEL. 317 MR. JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A., read a Paper on THE ARMORIAL WINDOWS erected in the reign of Henry VI. by John Viscount Beaumont and Katharine Duchess of Norfolk in WOODHOUSE CHAPEL, by the Park of Beaumanor, in Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Including an investigation of the differences of the Coat of Neville. " Posterity may read the distinction of Noble from Ignoble in these venerable Monuments of Ancient Nobility, there being in these Windowes something indeed to instruct a Herauld, nothing to offend the weakest Christian."—The defacing of the armorial glass at Warwick in 1642, as related by Hercurius Rusticus. N endeavouring to revive in our imagination the original appearance of medieval structures, and the pristine guise of their furniture and their occupants, it is difficult to realize sufficiently the extent to which Heraldry was once employed as a means of decorative ornament. Every one is aware that in the feudal and chivalric ages it was displayed on the military shields of the upper ranks, but that perhaps is all that the majority know or imagine about it. To some it may occur that we still familiarly talk of a coat of arms, and, if they have never examined our old sepulchral effigies, or the kneeling figures that still rarely exist in church windows, they may recollect to have read in poetry or romance of an embroidered surcoat, or a tabard of coat-armure, such as is still worn by her Majesty's heralds. It is also notorious that armorial bearings were usually displayed upon banners and standards, a practice still par­ tially maintained. But their common and continual introduction into the designs of art and architecture is but little remembered or appreciated. Our modern use of heraldry is chiefly upon our seals, our plate, and onr carriages. Our forefathers equally used it upon their seals, and seals are by far the best authority for antient coat-armure. They employed no carriages with ample panels to exhibit their heraldic achievements, but there was scarcely any portion of their own accoutrements or their horses' trappings that did not occa­ sionally receive its heraldic decoration. It was the same with the furniture of their houses, of their table, and their toilet; with their beds, their hangings and carpets, their purses, their caskets, their brooches and mirrors. Above all, heraldic decoration was largely used in architecture; it was carved in the panel and the cornice, it 318 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. was painted on the wall, it filled the storied windows, it was spread upon the encaustic pavements, and it was emblazoned on the ceiling.* It was profusely employed upon the tombs, not merely as a symbol or hieroglyph, but, as elsewhere, for decoration also. It is my object on the present occasion to direct your attention more particularly to its occurrence as an architectural embellish­ ment—a use which was prevalent from the earliest times, for it so happens that one of the most antient documents we possess among the historic records of English heraldry is one that was placed upon the interior walls of Westminster Abbey when they were erected by King Henry the Third. It is a series (now unfortunately very imperfect) of the shields of that sovereign and his peers, the earls and barons of the realm.f The canopy of the tomb of Henry the Fourth at Canterbury is also adorned with a cornice of baronial shields, thus proving a continuance of the same taste and the same practice during many successive generations. It is necessary to be aware of this usage if we endeavour to understand the design and import of some assemblages of arms that we still occasionally meet with, and of the many now destroyed that are described by our old topographers and heralds. Our modern ideas would lead us to conclude that such displays repre­ sented the ancestry and alliances of the party erecting them, and so they generally did; but they were not limited to the relation­ ship of consanguinity, for they frequently signified feudal depend­ ence and political adhesion, and were tokens of respect and emblems of party beyond the precincts of family alliance. Burton, in his History of this county, has described two series erected by the same family,—the lords Beaumont; which exemplify, to some extent, the principles upon which such heraldic assem­ blages were selected and designed. One of them was in the win­ dows of the church in the townj where we are now assembled: it represented the marriages of the successive generations of that family,—their genealogy, as it were, in coat-armure. In the neigh­ bouring chapel of Woodhouse was an assemblage that was not so historical, but principally typified the great allies of the family at the time of its erection, which was late in the reign of Henry the Sixth. John sixth Lord Beaumont was the fifth in descent and regular * In the Prior's house at Masstoke, in Warwickshire, there still remains a wains- coat ceiling of ninety-six panels, which was painted with the shields of the neigh­ bouring nohility and benefactors of the house, some of which are engraved in Dugdale's History of Warwickshire. It is called the Camera Picta. J.G.N., 1864. + These shields,—the fourteen remaining in 1818, are engraved in the History of Westminster Abbey, by Brayley and Neale, Plate xxvii. They were originally forty in number, and are all described in the same work, vol. ii, p. 26. St. Stephen's Chapel at Westminster was similarly decorated; and some of the shields found there are engraved in Smith's Antiquities of Westminster. J Loughborough. THE ARMOBIAL WINDOWS OF WOODHOUSE CHAPEL. 319 succession from Henry Beaumont, who was summoned to Parlia­ ment as a Baron early in the reign of Edward the Second, and who assumed the title of Earl of Buchau from having married Alice, one of the nieces and heirs of John de Comyn, Earl of Buchan, Constable of Scotland. Henry Lord Beaumont was designated as " the King's kinsman" in 1 Edw. II., and his relationship was apparently through the Queen mother, Alianor of Castille. He was the son of Louis de Brienne, younger son of John de Brienne, King of Jerusalem and Emperor of Constantinople.* His descendant John, who rose to high distinction in the reign of Henry the Sixth, was born in 1410, being three years old at his father's death in 3 Hen. V. (1413), and proving his full age in 9 Hen. VI. (1431). Having early distinguished himself in the wars in France, he was created Comte of Boloigne by King Henry the Sixth, by charter dated at Canterbury on the 27th July 1434.f In the will of his father-in-law, Sir William Phelipp, Lord Bardolfe, made in 1438, he is styled John Beaumont, Lord of Folkingham, in the' county of Lincoln. On the 12th Feb. 1439-40, by name of the Lord Beaumont he was raised to the dignity of Viscount,J (with a fee of twenty marks yearly from the farm of the county of Lincoln,) being the first person upon whom that rank was conferred in the English peerage, and it has been presumed that it was sug­ gested by his descent from the ancient Vicomtes of Maine in France. However, some little time after, by the designation of Viscount and Lord of Beaumont, for that of Comte of Boloigne does not again occur, he received on the 18th Jan. 1439-40, a grant of the French vicomte of Beaumont, formerly given to the * "The lineage of the Earl of Boghan has been differently stated by genealogists; some asserting that he was son to Louis de Brienne by Agnes the heiress of Beau­ mont, and grandson to John de Brienne, king of Jerusalem, by Berengaria his second consort, the daughter of Alphonso IX. King of Castile: whilst, according to others, his father was Louis the second son of Charles of Anjou, King of Sicily and Jerusa­ lem, younger brother of St. Louis. Henry de Beaumont and his brother Lewis, afterwards Bishop of Durham, are supposed to have come into England with one of the consorts of Edward L, and to have been her kinsmen. Upon the former hypo­ thesis, he was cousin-german once removed to Eleanor of Castile; and, if the other be adopted, he was second cousin to Margaret of France." (Beltz, Memorials of the Garter, 1841, p.