ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE WITH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT 2007 IN PUBLIC TVET INSTITUTIONS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA PETER THOBORA MWANGI MASTER OF SCIENCE (Occupational Safety and Health) JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016 Assessment of the Level of Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Act 2007 in Public TVET Institutions in Nairobi County, Kenya Peter Thobora Mwangi A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Science in Occupational Safety and Health in the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 2016 DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been submitted for a degree in any other university Signature: ________________________________Date: _______________________ Peter Thobora Mwangi This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as the University supervisors: Signature: _________________________________Date: ______________________ Prof. Robert Kinyua, (PhD) JKUAT, Kenya Signature: ________________________________Date: ______________________ Mr. Samuel Thuita Ministry of Labour and Social services, Kenya ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my immediate family; my wife Rahab Wanjiru and son Adrian Ng‟ang‟a for their continued support. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work will be incomplete without acknowledging all the people who worked hard to ensure completion of this research. I thank the almighty God for having taken me this far. I appreciate the support from my family .I appreciate the JKUAT administration for giving me the opportunity to pursue my studies in IEET. Special thanks to my supervisors Prof. Robert Kinyua and Mr. Samuel Thuita for their continued guidance during the research. Lastly, special appreciation to my entire course mates at IEET for their moral support and offering me suggestions in my research. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ xii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... xv LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................. xvi LIST OF NOMENCLATURE AND ABREVIATIONS ......................................... xvii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xviii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ........................................................................................ 3 1.3 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Main Objectives of the Study ........................................................................... 4 v 1.3.2 Specific Objectives of the Study ...................................................................... 4 1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Justification of the Study ........................................................................................ 5 1.6 Significance of Study .............................................................................................. 6 1.7 Scope of Study ........................................................................................................ 6 1.8 Theoretical Review/ Framework ............................................................................ 6 1.8.1 Conceptual Framework .................................................................................... 9 1.9 Independent Variables .......................................................................................... 12 1.9.1 Level of Knowledge and Awareness on OSHA 2007 .................................... 12 1.9.2 OSH Risk Management Practices .................................................................. 12 1.9.3 Safe Systems of Work .................................................................................... 13 1.9.4 Dependent Variable ........................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................... 15 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................ 15 2.1 Overview of Occupational Accidents Statistics .................................................... 15 2.2 Level of Knowledge and Awareness on Legislation in Training Institutions ...... 17 vi 2.2.1 Influence of Safety Training on Compliance with Provisions of Safety Legislation in Training Institutions ......................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Level of Knowledge and Awareness of Administration and reinforcement of Safety Legislation and Policy among Training Institutions .................................... 18 2.3 Occupational safety and health risk management practices in training institutions .................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.1 Risk Management Practices in Workplaces ................................................... 19 2.3.2 Managing Occupational Safety and Health Risk in Training Institutions ..... 23 2.4 Safe Systems of Work in Training Institutions ..................................................... 25 2.4.1 Top Management Commitment to Safety Management in Training Institutions on Compliance with Legislation .......................................................... 26 2.4.2 Safety Culture among Training Institutions ................................................... 27 2.4.3 Influence of Financial Cost on Compliance with Safety Legislation among Training Institutions ................................................................................................ 27 2.4.4 Safe Work Procedures, Safety Rules, and Permit to Work ............................ 28 2.4.5 Work Machinery/Equipment, Materials and Process Safety ......................... 29 2.4.6 Duties and Responsibilities of employer, employee and other stakeholders . 29 2.5 Critique of Existing Literature .............................................................................. 29 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................... 32 vii MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................. 32 3.1 Study Design ......................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Study Area and Population ................................................................................... 32 3.3 Sampling Method .................................................................................................. 33 3.4 Sample Size Determination .................................................................................. 34 3.5 Research Instruments ............................................................................................ 40 3.6 Data Processing and Analysis ............................................................................... 40 3.7 Data Validation ..................................................................................................... 42 CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................ 45 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS................................................................................. 45 4.1Biodata Analysis .................................................................................................... 45 4.1.1 Response rate ................................................................................................. 45 4.1.2 Distribution of Respondents by classes of workers and in Strata .................. 45 4.1.3 Gender versus Type of Courses Offered ........................................................ 47 4.1.4 Gender versus Job Title and Department ....................................................... 48 4.1.5 Gender and Job Category ............................................................................... 49 4.1.6 Gender and Terms of Employment ................................................................ 50 viii 4.1.8 Employees Gender and Number of Years Worked in Institution .................. 52 4.1.9 Gender and Level of Education of employees ............................................... 52 4.2 Analysis of General Compliance with OSHA 2007 ............................................. 54 4.2.1