-,, . DOCUMoNT RESUME ED 023 610 SE 005 588 By -Fredrickson, Clifford T. Guide for Teaching Science Problems 1 -2, Grade XI or XII. Second Edition. San Diego City Schools, Calif. Pub Date 66 Note-267p. EDRS Price MF -$100 HC -$1345 Descriptors-Course Descriptions, *Curriculum, Evaluation, *General Science, Grade11, Gra&: 12, Instruction, Instructional Materials, *Low Ability Students, Objectives, Science Activities,Science Equipment, *Secondary School Science, *Teaching Guides Identifiers -California, San Diego City Schools Science Problems 1-2 is a terminal course for eleventhand twelfth grade students with limited science background and generally below averagereading levels. The guide is intended as a supplement to the detailed teacher'sguide prepared by the publishers of the textbook used in the course. It isassumed that no teacher is expert in all subject matter areas covered in the course.Therefore, each unit in the guide contains detailed sections on learningobfectives, text and supplementary references for specific topics, resource materials, audio-visual materials,in-school materials, classroom actmties, and an evaluation sheet for feedbackfrom the teacher. A lengthy appendix contains maps, charts, worksheets, and laboratory exercises.Topics in the course include the nature of science,matter and energy, theatmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, plants and animals, the human body, energyand machines, and astronomy. (BC) Stock No. 41S-2000 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. GUIDE FOR TEACHINGSCIENCE PROBLEMS 1-2 Grade XI or XII San Diego City Schools San Diego, California 1958 Second Edition, 1966 Veymeoul .4; GUIDE FOR TEACHING SCIENCE PROBLEMS 1-2 Grade XI or XII Prepared by Clifford T. Fredrickson Planning Committee Clifford T. Fredrickson Fred Jappe Richard W. Martin Victor H. Menache Clinton W. Owen Eugene A. Platten Estell R. Sullivan Everette E. Tompkins Howard L. Weisbrod Serafino L. Giuliani, Chairman San Diego City Schools San Diego, California 1958 Second Edition, 1966 Unedited '77 PREFACE The second edition of the Quidt_g_f_v_12whing..azienra_2=121aliaa-A is a complete revision of the 1958 publication which it supersedes. The need for the revisionwas brought about by a major reorganization of the course content and changes in emphasis recommendedby the Committee of Science Problems Teachers which met durihg the 1965-66 school year. The Committee developed criteria for selection ofa new basic textbook for the course and evaluated numerous books sub- mitted by publishers. Following the selection and adoption of Herron and Palmer's Matter, Life and Energy, 1965as the new basic textbook, the Committee recommended the preparation of thenew guide and sub- mitted suggested materials to be included therein. It is hoped that this publication and the newly adopted textbook and associated materials will provide effective guidelines andresource materials for student and teacher achievement ofa stimulating and meaningful science experience. This unedited copy will be revised at the end of the schoolyear 1966-67. EValuations dhould be made regularly on the form provided at the end of each unit. These should be sent along with any suggested experiments, worksheets, and the like to the Science Specialist, Curriculum Services Division, by the end of this schoolyear in June 1967. 10711 William H. Stegeman Assistant Superintendent Curriculum Services Division iii TABLE OF CONTENTS POINT OF VIEWOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOO 1 INTRODUCTION OOOOOO OO 0 OOOOO 0 2 Composition of the Class OOOOO OOOOO Content and Use of the Guide 2 COURSE DESCRIPTION OOOOO 4 GENERAL OBJECTIVES OOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOO 5 GENERAL TEACHING PROCEDURES OOOOO 6 Teaching Techniques OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 6 Homework.OOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Student Notebook OOOOOOOOOO 6 Student Laboratory Experiences. OOOOO OOOOOOOOO 6 Safety OOOOOOO Student Evaluation . OOOOOOOO 7 SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT OOOOO . OOOOO 8 UNIT ONE: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE * . OOOOO OOOOO 9 Chapter 1 - A Scientific Approach OOOOO 11 UNIT TWO:MATTER AND ENERGY 17 Chapter 2 . The Structure of Matter OOOOOO 19 Chapter 3 . Energy and Changing Mattpr . OOOOO 22 UNIT THREE:THE ATMOSPHERE.. OOOOOOOOOO OO OOOOO 27 Chapter 4-We Live in an Ocean of Air 29 Chapter 5-Our Weather 32 UNIT FOUR:THE HYDROSPHEREOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOOO . 39 Chapter 6 - Our Water Supply ... 41 Chapter 7.Eiploring the Ocean * * « OO OOOOOOO 0 46 UNIT FIVE: THE LITHOSPaor a as S 53 Chapter 8 - This Changing Earth 55 Chapter 9 - The Crust of the Earth . 59 UNIT SIX:PLANTS AND ANIMALS. OOOOOO 67 Chapter 10 - Living Things 69 Chapter 11-The Plant Kingdom ******** 0 74 Chapter 12.The Animal Kingdom 0 79 UNIT SEVEN: TRE MAN BODY***** ********** 85 Chapter 13-Nutrition for the Bo47 ... ; 87 Chapter 14-Raw Materialsfor the Body 91 Chapter 15-The Structureof the Body 95 Chapter 16-Maintaining aHealthy Body . ****** . 98 UNIT EIGHT:ENERGYAND MACHINES ***** 0 107 Chapter 17.Force, Motion and Energy 0 to 109 Chapter 18-We Work With Machines . 112 UNIT NINE: HEAT ENERGY 0 119 Chapter 19-Heat and Temperature 0 OOOOO 123. Chapter 20-Heat Transfer and Use * * 0 124 UNIT TEN: WAVE ENERGY 0 131 Chapter 21-Sound* * .. 133 Chapter 22 - The Nature of Light 138 Chapter 23-Changing the Direction of Light 6 141 UNIT ELEVEN: EIECTRICAL ENERGYOOOOO 147 Chapter 24-Static Electric#7 . 149 Chapter 25- Current Electricity 0 6 OOOOO 152 Chapter 26.Magnetism and ElectricityOOOOO 155 UNIT TWELVE: EIECTRONICS OOOOOOO 163 Chapter 27-Communication Devices * * 0 0 i 0 * 0 165 Chapter 28.Automation and Computers 0 100 410 01, 101, 169 UNIT THIRTEEN: NUCLEAR ENERGY * 0 9 * 173 Chapter 29.Changes Within the Atom 175 Chapter 30-Nuclear Energy 4100 178 UNIT FOURTEEN: THE EARTH IN SPACE0010 0 183 Chapter31 - Place and Time 41. 185 Chapter32 - The Earth, the Moon and the Sun 0 61 189 UNIT FIFTEEN: ASTRONOMY AND ASTRONAUTICS . 6 a a 4 6 6 0 0 a a 197 Chapter 33- OurSolar System and Beyonde 199 Chapter 34- TheExploration.of Space * 204 APPEIDIX A: MAPS AND CHARTS Map of Greater San Diego Area . *** ***** . 213 Map of San Diego County 214 Map of California . *** * ******* 215 Map of United States 216 United States Weather Map. OOOOOO 217 Weather Data for the Year 1965 (San Diego County) . 218 Selected Publications on General Weather Science Study 221 Hereditary Characteristics of Man . 0 222 APPENDIX B: WORKSHEETS Metric System Practice Sheet (2) OOOOOOOOO e 224 Daily. Weather Record OOOOOOOOO 228 Variation Chart * . 229 Parts of the Flower0 . O . OOO .... O O 231 Parts of a Root O O OOO . * . I, 232 Parts of a Stem . O 0 OOOO to 233 Parts of a Leaf 234 Digestive System 235 Circulation . OOOOOOOO 0 236 Human Skeleton OOOOOOO 237 Thermometer Problem Sheet 0 OOOOO 238 Haman Ear . 240 Haman Eye... OOOOOOOO 241 APPENDIX C: LABORATORY EXECISES Orientation to the Laboratory . 24.3 Measurement and Observation . 0 e OOOOO * 247 Physical and Chemical Changes . OO OOle OO 1 253 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures . OOO OOOOO 257 A Study in Climate . O a 263 Water 0. i * * 264 Use and Care of the Microscope 4 0 OO 268 Plant Structures . 0 273 Measurement of Heat Produced by Burning FUel 6 * 277 The Circulatory System 0 282 Force, Acceleration, Velocity and Momentum OO . 286 Heat Production and Transfer al 290 The Eye and Vision OOO OO * OOOO 294 Electricity and Magnetiam 0 0 297 vii POINT OF VIEW The world of today is intimately concerned with science in both itsdirect and indirect application.One of the problems of modern educatdon is that of providing students with an understanding and appreciation of science in daily living. They must be adequately informed regarding their bio-chemo physical environment and their relationship to it as living organisms. They should understand how this environment affects their physical and mental well- being and how their home life and daily living are affected individually as 14'0_1 as on a community basis. They should appreciate the dontributions of science to good living on a national and world basis. This course entitled "Science Problems: .1-2" is planned for students at ihe eleventhand twelfth-grade level and particularly for those who are min-college preparatory. They mill need a practical understanding of science and the methods of the scientist in order to fill their places as citizens id a civi- lization which has become increasingly dependent upon the practical apral.ationi of scientific knowledge. They will need this*nowledge in order to establiah and keep in good health, exercise intelligent buying, use modern home appliancleir, function intelligently in their different fields of work, be effective in, civic affairs and to improve recreational activities. They need to be able to understand and evaluate advertising, newspaper and magazine articles, books, speeches, TV and radio programs. A good citizen needs a knowledge as well is an appreciation of the role of the scientist for intelligent participation in deciding on many controversial issues. The educational task in the course in Science Problems is admittedly not that of educating scientists, nor is it designed to furnish a background for further formal edudation in fields of science education. The purpose is rather to provide high school students with such education as will better prepare them for successful living and intelligent citizenship. The course should