Analytical Methods for Toxics Determination Analytical Methods Toxics for • Clinio Locatelli, Locatelli Marcello and • Clinio Dora Melucci Analytical Methods for Toxics Determination Edited by Clinio Locatelli, Marcello Locatelli and Dora Melucci Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Molecules www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Analytical Methods for Toxics Determination Analytical Methods for Toxics Determination Editors Clinio Locatelli Marcello Locatelli Dora Melucci MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editors Clinio Locatelli Marcello Locatelli Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti and Pescara Italy Italy Dora Melucci Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Italy Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules/special issues/Analytical toxics Determination). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-716-0 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-717-7 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Editors .............................................. vii Preface to ”Analytical Methods for Toxics Determination” ..................... xi Nora Hamad Al-Shaalan, Imran Ali, Zeid A. ALOthman, Lamya Hamad Al-Wahaibi and Hadeel Alabdulmonem Application of Composite NanoMaterial to Determine Phenols in Wastewater by Solid Phase Micro Membrane Tip Extraction and Capillary Electrophoresis Reprinted from: Molecules 2019, 24, 3443, doi:10.3390/molecules24193443 ............. 1 Mirko Salinitro, Annalisa Tassoni, Sonia Casolari, Francesco de Laurentiis, Alessandro Zappi and Dora Melucci Heavy Metals Bioindication Potential of the Common Weeds Senecio vulgaris L., Polygonum aviculare L. and Poa annua L. Reprinted from: Molecules 2019, 24, 2813, doi:10.3390/molecules24152813 ............. 13 Florin Dumitru Bora, Claudiu Ioan Bunea, Romeo Chira and Andrea Bunea Assessment of the Quality of Polluted Areas in Northwest Romania Based on the Content of Elements in Different Organs of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Reprinted from: Molecules 2020, 25, 750, doi:10.3390/molecules25030750 .............. 31 Xinwei Wang, Shan Lu, Tianzheng Wang, Xinran Qin, Xilin Wang and Zhidong Jia Analysis of Pollution in High Voltage Insulators via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Reprinted from: Molecules 2020, 25, 822, doi:10.3390/molecules25040822 .............. 59 Li Han, Yue-Tao Li, Jin-Qing Jiang, Ren-Feng Li, Guo-Ying Fan, Jun-Mei Lv, Ye Zhou, Wen-Ju Zhang and Zi-Liang Wang Development of a Direct Competitive ELISA Kit for Detecting Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat Reprinted from: Molecules 2020, 25, 50, doi:10.3390/molecules25010050 ............... 71 Li Lin, Wen Yang, Xing Wei, Yi Wang, Li Zhang, Yunsong Zhang, Zhiming Zhang, Ying Zhao and Maojun Zhao Enhancement of Solasodine Extracted from Fruits of Solanum nigrum L. by Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Reprinted from: Molecules 2019, 24, 2294, doi:10.3390/molecules24122294 .............. 85 Patricia Garcia Ferreira, Carolina Guimar˜aes de Souza Lima, Let´ıcia Lorena Noronha, Marcela Cristina de Moraes, Fernando de Carvalho da Silva, Alessandra Lifsitch Vi¸cosa, D´ebora Omena Futuro and Vitor Francisco Ferreira Development of a Method for the Quantification of Clotrimazole and Itraconazole and Study of Their Stability in a New Microemulsion for the Treatment of Sporotrichosis Reprinted from: Molecules 2019, 24, 2333, doi:10.3390/molecules24122333 .............. 97 Yue Zhang, Yan Zhou, Shujun Chen, Yashi You, Ping Qiu and Yongnian Ni Analysis of the Overlapped Electrochemical Signals of Hydrochlorothiazide and Pyridoxine on the Ethylenediamine-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode by Use of Chemometrics Methods Reprinted from: Molecules 2019, 24, 2536, doi:10.3390/molecules24142536 .............113 v Angela Tartaglia, Abuzar Kabir, Songul Ulusoy, Halil Ibrahim Ulusoy, Giuseppe Maria Merone, Fabio Savini, Cristian D’Ovidio, Ugo de Grazia, Serena Gabrielli, Fabio Maroni, Pantaleone Bruni, Fausto Croce, Dora Melucci, Kenneth G. Furton and Marcello Locatelli Novel MIPs-Parabens based SPE Stationary Phases Characterization and Application Reprinted from: Molecules 2019, 24, 3334, doi:10.3390/molecules24183334 .............123 Ahmed Galal Eldin, Abd El-Galil E. Amr, Ayman H. Kamel and Saad S. M. Hassan Screen-printed Microsensors Using Polyoctyl-thiophene (POT) Conducting Polymer As Solid Transducer for Ultratrace Determination of Azides Reprinted from: Molecules 2019, 24, 1392, doi:10.3390/molecules24071392 ..............139 vi About the Editors Clinio Locatelli (Associate Professor, Analytical Chemistry) 1975: Degree in Chemistry from the University of Ferrara; discipline: Analytical Chemistry. 1977: Qualification to the Profession of Chemist. 1977–1980: Holder of a scholarship from the National Research Council (Rome, Italy). 1980–1992: University Researcher, Scientific-Disciplinary sector Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry of the University of Ferrara. 1992–1994: Associate Professor, Scientific-Disciplinary sector Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry of the University of Salerno. 1994–present: Associate Professor, Scientific-Disciplinary sector Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” of the University of Bologna. 1980–1996: Several study periods for a total of about two years at the Research Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest (Hungary) and at the Department of Analytical Chemistry of the University of Chemical Engineering of Veszprem (Hungary). In these centers, both theoretical and application lines of research have been consolidated for some time, aimed at the possibility of carrying out voltammetric multicomponent analysis of metals, also and above all, in the presence of strong interference from the voltammetric signal. RESEARCH SUBJECTS—The research activity (author of more than 160 publications in peer-reviewed international journals, and more than 200 congress communications) is addressed to theoretical and applied problems. The main research lines are the following. – Study of adsorption processes of organic molecules and their determination at trace level. – Set up of voltammetric and spectroscopic analytical methods in the determination, at trace and ultra-trace concentration levels, of heavy metals in real complex organic and inorganic matrices, especially of environmental, food, industrial, cosmetic, and forensic types. – Theoretical survey addressing the optimization of the analytical parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection in metal determination by voltammetric and spectroscopic techniques. TEACHING ACTIVITY—The teaching activity (1980 to date) has always been focused on courses related to the scientific disciplinary sector Analytical Chemistry (Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Analytical Chemistry). From the Academic Year 1995/96, until the end of its activation, he was teacher at the School of Specialization in “Chemical Control and Analysis Methodologies” in the course Analytical Methodologies I. Academic Years 1996/97–2001/02: Professor of “Inorganic Chemical Analysis Methods” in the Specialization Course in “Marine Pollution Control” at the Faculty of Mathematical, Physical, and Natural Sciences of the University of Bologna throughout its activation period. Marcello Locatelli earned his degree in Chemistry at the University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” with his thesis “Development of an Analytical Methodology for the Analysis and Identification of Protein Adducts by Mass Spectrometry”. He earned his PhD from the University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” with his thesis “Combined Analytical Methods of Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Impurities in Drugs and Metabolites of Biomolecules”. He is currently Associate Professor of Analytical Chemistry at the University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Pharmacy. His research activity is devoted to the development and validation of chromatographic methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of biologically active molecules in complex matrices from human and animal (whole blood, serum, plasma, bile, tissues, feces, and urine), cosmetics, foods, and the environment. This applies to the study of all processes related to preanalytical stages such as sampling, extraction vii and purification, separation, enrichment, and even the application of conventional and combined analytical methods for the accurate, sensitive, and selective determination of biologically active molecules. Recently, particular