CRITICAL ROMANI STUDIES CRITICAL Volume 2 ■ Number 2 ■ 2019 Articles Why Do Roma Migrate? A Critical Analysis of Academic Silence in Polish Scholarship Kamila Fiałkowska, Michał P. Garapich, and Elżbieta Mirga-Wójtowicz Mihail Kogălniceanu’s Historical Inquiry into the Question of Roma Slavery in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Romanian Principalities Chiriac Bogdan Racializing American “Egyptians”: Shifting Legal Discourse, 1690s–1860s Ann Ostendorf Book Review Jacqueline Bhabha, Andrzej Mirga, and Margareta Matache, eds. 2017. Realizing Roma Rights. Elisabetta di Giovanni Arts and Culture A Beautiful, Sad Tale about Nonexistent Socialism in Hungary: The Story of Gyuri Cséplő György Majtényi VOLUME 2 • NUMBER 2019 VOLUME VOLUME 2 • NUMBER 2 • 2019 Aims and Scope Critical Romani Studies is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal providing a forum for activist-scholars to critically examine racial oppressions, different forms of exclusion, inequalities, and human rights abuses of Roma. Without compromising academic standards of evidence collection Editors and analysis, the Journal seeks to create a platform to critically engage with academic knowledge production, and generate critical academic and policy Maria Bogdan knowledge targeting – amongst others – scholars, activists, and policymakers. Heidelberg University Scholarly expertise is a tool, rather than the end, for critical analysis of social Jekatyerina Dunajeva phenomena affecting Roma, contributing to the fight for social justice. The Journal Pázmány Péter Catholic University especially welcomes the cross-fertilization of Romani studies with the fields of critical race studies, gender and sexuality studies, critical policy studies, diaspora Tímea Junghaus studies, colonial studies, postcolonial studies, and studies of decolonization. European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture Angéla Kóczé The Journal actively solicits papers from critically-minded young Romani Central European University scholars who have historically experienced significant barriers in engaging with academic knowledge production. The Journal considers only previously Iulius Rostas unpublished manuscripts which present original, high-quality research. The European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture Journal is committed to the principle of open access, so articles are available free of charge. All published articles undergo rigorous peer review, based on initial Márton Rövid (managing editor) Central European University editorial screening and refereeing by at least two anonymous scholars. The Journal provides a modest but fair remuneration for authors, editors, and reviewers. Marek Szilvasi (review editor) Open Society Foundations The Journal has grown out of the informal Roma Research and Empowerment Network, and it is founded by the Romani Studies Program of Central Tom Bass (copyeditor) European University and the European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture. The Romani Studies Program at CEU organizes conferences annually where Correy Baldwin (copyeditor) draft papers are presented and discussed before selecting them for peer review. István Fenyvesi (layout editor) Editorial board Jacqueline Bhabha Harvard University Critical Romani Studies is published by the Romani Studies Program at Central European University. Angéla Kóczé, Chair of Romani Ethel Brooks Studies. Address: Nádor utca 9, 1051 Budapest, Hungary. Homepage: Rutgers University https://rap.ceu.edu Eric Fassin Open access to all issues and articles at https://crs.ceu.edu Paris-8 University Donations are welcome at https://giving.ceu.edu/supportRSP Colin Clark University of the West of Scotland Contact: [email protected] David Gillborn Prospective contributors: see submission guidelines at University of Birmingham https://crs.ceu.edu Ian Hancock University of Texas at Austin Publishers please send books for review to the review editor, Marek Szilvasi: [email protected] Éva Kovács Vienna Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies Cover: Vardo Looking Glass, 2005. Photo, courtesy and © Daniel Hungarian Academy of Sciences Baker. Matthias Möschel This journal is a product of Central European University's Roma in European Central European University Societies Initiative. The initiative, launched in 2016, is an interdisciplinary effort The journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Jolán Orbán Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. to support existing work to improve the situation of Roma in all sectors through University of Pécs teaching and research, leadership development, and community outreach. The VELUX Foundations, the Open Society Foundations' Roma Initiatives Office, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak ISSN 2560-3019 Columbia University and the Roma Education Fund are funding this initiative. Enikő Vincze Babeș-Bolyai University Volume 2 ■ Number 2 ■ 2019 Articles Why Do Roma Migrate? A Critical Analysis of Academic Silence in Polish Scholarship Kamila Fiałkowska, Michał P. Garapich, and Elżbieta Mirga-Wójtowicz 4 Mihail Kogălniceanu’s Historical Inquiry into the Question of Roma Slavery in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Romanian Principalities Chiriac Bogdan 24 Racializing American “Egyptians”: Shifting Legal Discourse, 1690s–1860s Ann Ostendorf 42 Book Review Jacqueline Bhabha, Andrzej Mirga, and Margareta Matache, eds. 2017. Realizing Roma Rights. Elisabetta di Giovanni 60 Arts and Culture A Beautiful, Sad Tale about Nonexistent Socialism in Hungary: The Story of Gyuri Cséplő György Majtényi 64 Why Do Roma Migrate? A Critical Analysis of Academic Silence in Polish Scholarship Kamila Fiałkowska [email protected] Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-9987 Kamila Fiałkowska, PhD, is a researcher at the Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw. She has worked on various projects regarding migration from Poland. Currently, she is involved with a research project on the migration of Polish Roma. Her research interests revolve around gender relations in migratory settings, masculinity studies, family relations, and the construction of national and gender identities. Michał P. Garapich [email protected] Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0248-6780 Michał P. Garapich, PhD, is a social anthropologist, specializing in the issues of migration, ethnicity, nationalism, multiculturalism, social resistance, homelessness, and migration from Poland. His PhD (Jagiellonian University, Kraków) focused on the political and symbolic dimensions of the relationship between different waves and groups of Polish migrants in the UK and Italy, the practices of the de-territorialized nation-state, power relations within diasporic/ethnic associations, and negotiations of ethnicity. At the moment his work focuses on the migration of Polish Roma. Elżbieta Mirga-Wójtowicz [email protected] Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3215-7825 Elżbieta Mirga-Wójtowicz is a PhD candidate at the Institute of Political Science at the Pedagogical University in Kraków. She has been a trainee at the European Commission in the Department of Employment Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities (2005); is an alumna of the Roma Access Programs at the CEU (2006); and since 2007 is a lecturer at the Pedagogical University in Kraków. Since 2007 she works in Malopolska Voivodeship in Krakow in the field of national and ethnic minorities. At the moment her work focuses on ethnic mobilization and the migration of Polish Roma. Vol. 2. No. 2. 2019, 4-22 • DOI: 10.29098/crs.v2i2.37 Abstract Keywords The article discusses the case of academic silence with regards to the migration of Roma from Poland – both in Polish Romani • Silence studies and in migration studies. The absence of Romani migration • Migration research in migration research in Poland is contrasted with the absence of • Migration of Roma the subject of migration in Romani studies, offering a glimpse from Poland into fundamental assumptions, and politically and ideologically • Romani studies determined paradigms within both areas. Paradoxically, the group associated in the social imaginary with mobility is absent in migration studies in Poland. Quite surprisingly, Polish Roma are static and immobilized in Polish Romani studies. The aim of this paper is to critically explore this particular type of discursive silence and how it impacts migration and Romani studies. Kamila Fiałkowska, Michał P. Garapich, and Elżbieta Mirga-Wójtowicz Introduction[1] Quite a lot has been written already on silence, pause, or non-speech as elements of social communication. From the perspective of critical discourse analysis, the idea of silence being on equal footing with the spoken word is an integral part of social communication (van Dijk 2008). This article tackles a specific kind of silence in scientific discourse connecting two distinct spheres of social sciences in Poland: migration research and studies on Polish Roma. In recent decades there has been a rise in academic interest, publications, social policy focus, and public attention in both domains, particularly in the context of the enlargement of the European Union (EU) and in freedom of movement within the EU. Research on migration from Poland, especially since 2004 and the massive out-migration to Great Britain following the full opening of the UK labour market, has produced a large number of studies focusing on policies, social and economic integration, education, transnational living, among many other topics,