APRIL 2018 LANDFILL MINING FOR AREA DEVELOPMENT COCOON 5 JUNE 2018 1 2018 -07 -10 Program • Introduction • Group introduction • Sweco - Company profile • Former landfill development (general) • 2 exemples of landfill development • Workshop 2 2018 -07 -10 Introduction • Hans Geusebroek MSc • Agricultural Unniversity Wageningen (Soil Pollution and Waste water treatment) • Started in 1988 as junior consultant for Grontmij • Now Senior consultant at Sweco Nederland B.V. • Topics: – Soil pollution at landfills – Soil protection at landfills (base liner and top cover construction) – After care of closed landfills Projects in NL, Belgium, Indonesia, Ireland, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Oman, Poland, Russia, Turkey 3 2018-07 -10 Group introduction • Name, • Function • Organisation 4 2018 -07 -10 Sweco landfill consultancy - market • Strong market position in NL • Base liners and top covers (market leader) top cover 270 ha of 650 ha • Remediation of old landfills • After care plans (market leader, market share 75%) Sweco is owner of 2 landfills: Stainkoeln1 and Bavel in operation: Stainkoeln2 (PPP between Grontmij BRP and Regional Waste Authority Groningen) in aftercare: Bavel (34 ha) 5 2018 -07-10 Sweco landfill consultancy - services • Basically everything landfill owners need to do in order to be in compliance with their environmental permits; – Environmental impacts assessments; – Permits; – Soil investigation; – Bottom liner: design and construction supervision; – Groundwater monitoring; – Settlement measurements; – Landfill gas production calculation – Landfill gas treatment – Top cover: design and construction supervision; – (preparation for) aftercare. • But also: – Remediation of old landfills; – New function of landfills: Golf course, Solar fields – R&D project solar capping 6 2018 -07 -10 Sustainable development of former landfills Former landfills: • can be an environmental problem (pollution risk) • can hinder the development of an area • need thorough analysis before actions can be taken landfill gas pollution plume 7 Analysis present situation former landfill legal and political technical and environmental financial and economical • Analysis of different aspects: – legal and political – technical and environmental – financial and economical. • This analysis results in a list of possible future options and technical measures needed 8 Analysis of the future use New function of the former landfill can be: • Recreational (park, golf course) • Agricultural • Energy production (solar field) • Industrial, commercial • Residential (after landfill removal) Adequate technical measures are needed to lower risks to an acceptable level for the desired future function. 9 Remediation options 1. Fit in: isolate + monitor 2. Fit in+: reshape + isolate + monitor 3. Complete removal: excavation and transport to other landfill 4. Complete removal+ : landfill mining = excavation/ processing/reuse of fractions 10 Benedeneind, Veenendaal – The Netherlands Option: Complete removal+ (landfill mining = excavation/ processing/reuse of fractions) • Remediation in 1998 to 2001 • Remediation cost 5 million euro (partly subsidized), unit cost €93/m3 waste • Two former landfills were removed (54,000 m3 of waste) • Excavated waste was processed into reusable fractions (80% reuse and 20% landfilled) • Popular residential area built on the cleared area of the former landfills 11 Benedeneind, Veenendaal – The Netherlands clean + cat.1 soil reuse in plan sand reuse in plan polluted soil to excavation sieving soil soil cleaning sludge rubble remainder to landfill mobile stone sieving+ clean rubble rubble handsorting crusher (0-40 mm) reuse in roads remainder to landfill 12 Duisterweg, Amersfoort – The Netherlands Option: Complete removal • Remediation in 2004 to 2007 • Two former landfills were removed (461,000 m3 of waste) • Remediation cost 18 million euro (partly subsidized), unit cost €39/m3 waste • Excavated waste transported to nearby sanitary landfill (Smink) (100% landfilled) • Residential area and commercial area built on the cleared area of the former landfills • www.vathorst.nl (city development by Sweco) 13 Wikipedia on mining • Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth • Mining operations usually create a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed. Hence, most of the world's nations have passed regulations to decrease the impact. • Work safety has long been a concern as well, and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines. • Levels of metals recycling are generally low. Unless future end-of-life recycling rates are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for use in a variety of consumer products. • Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves. • Landfill mining involves sites where landfills are excavated and processed 14 .