Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 60 (2016) 189–205 REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE Entomologia A Journal on Insect Diversity and Evolution www.rbentomologia.com Systematics, Morphology and Biogeography Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae) Rosaly Ale-Rocha Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenac¸ ão da Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil a a b s t r a c t r t i c l e i n f o Article history: The Hybotinae of the Podocarpus National Park were studied. Fourteen species are recorded and nine Received 16 December 2015 new species are described and illustrated: Euhybus pectinifemur sp. nov., Neohybos fuliginosus sp. nov., Accepted 6 April 2016 Neohybos globosus sp. nov., Neohybos rostratus sp. nov., Neohybos serratus sp. nov., Neohybos spinosus Available online 25 May 2016 sp. nov., Syndyas longiventris sp. nov., Syneches flavithorax sp. nov. and Syneches polleti sp. nov. A key to Associate Editor: Márcia Souto Couri Neohybos species from Ecuador is also presented. © 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open Keywords: Euhybus access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Neohybos Neotropical region Syndyas Syneches Introduction Material and methods The fauna of Hybotinae from Ecuador has been investigated with The material studied belongs to the following institutions: increasing intensity in the recent years (Ale-Rocha and de Carvalho, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium 2003; Ale-Rocha, 2007). The present paper deals with the Hyboti- (RBINS); Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, nae that were collected in the Podocarpus National Park, located in Brazil (INPA); Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Técnica Particu- an area of high biodiversity and endemism in the southern part of lar de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Apartado, Ecuador (UTPL); Museo the country. This region represents a biodiversity hotspot, encom- de Inverterbrados da Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, passing large areas with a diversity of natural habitats (Rahbek Quito, Ecuador (QCAZ). et al., 1995) where humidity, microclimates and geographical bar- In the descriptions, the terminology follows Cumming and riers abound. Wood (2009), except for antenna where the terms of Stuckenberg Members of Hybotinae are characterized by holoptic females (1999) were used. In descriptions, the following abbreviations are (except the genera Lamachella and Leptocyrtoma), usually with used to the setae: acr, acrostichal; dc, dorsocentral; ial, intra-alar; heavily sclerotized proboscis projected forward, two veins arising npl, notopleural; pal, postalar; spal, supra-alar; and to positions of from cell dm, an usually developed anal lobe and prosternum free the setae on legs: AD, anterodorsal; AV, anteroventral; PD, pos- from the proepisternum (Sinclair and Cumming, 2006). Hybotinae terodorsal; PV, posteroventral. Holotype label data are cited in includes the tribes Bicellariini and Hybotini, and only Hybotini with full, with original spelling, punctuation and data; a comma sepa- eight genera and 137 species has been recorded from the Neotrop- rates data quoted from different lines. In the labels, the annotation ics (Yang et al., 2007; Ale-Rocha, 2007, 2008; Ale-Rocha and Vieira, “EC/2009-31/MP&ADB-012” is a sample code; YPT = yellow pan 2008). trap and RPT = red pan trap. Additional information is included in In this paper, we describe nine new species of hybotine flies square brackets. from the Podocarpus National Park and add new records of five The terminalia were macerated in hot 85% lactic acid; their additional species for Ecuador. A key to species of Neohybos Ale- parts were observed and illustrated in glycerin on depressed slides, Rocha and de Carvalho, 2003, from Ecuador, is also presented. and subsequently stored in microvials containing glycerin. Wings were photographed after being removed from the body, mounted between covered slides and glued to a piece of resistant paper. Microvials and microslides were pinned together with their cor- responding specimens. E-mail: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004 0085-5626/© 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 190 R. Ale-Rocha / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 60 (2016) 189–205 The Podocarpus National Park is located in southern Ecuador, on and 1 preapical seta, and 1 elongate P sub-basal seta almost reach- the boundary between the provinces of Loja and Zamora Chinchipe. ing apex of tarsomere. Hind trochanter with 5 robust spines. Hind The park covers an area of 360,000 acres (144,993 hectares), with femur (Fig. 50) with 1D seta on distal fourth; 1A preapical seta and an elevation range between 900 m and 3600 m (Ministerio del 2 setae on apical half; 9 spine-like elongate AV setae; 15 spine-like Ambiente, 2015). The park encompasses at least 6 life zones: mon- V setae with protuberant base, the seven distalmost setae reduced tane humid forest, low montane humid forest, very humid montane to short, robust spines, followed by parallel series of 5 spines on forest, very humid premontane forest, very humid lowland forest, distal half, and ventral tubercle bearing brush of 8 strong, short and páramo. In Ecuador, Podocarpus National Park is regarded as spines at mid-length of femur; PV series with 4 spines on basal unique due to both its high biodiversity and the high degree of half and 1 on apical half. Hind tibia lacking strong setae. Wing nar- endemism of its fauna and flora (Pollet, 2009). row, slightly brownish, stigma brown; costal cell narrow; R4+5 and M1 distinctly convergent apically. Abdomen black with discreet metallic bluish shine, with brown pruinescence on tergite 8 and Taxonomy very sparse pruinescence on sternites; about 3 times longer than length of thorax. Setulae short and thin, very sparse, inconspicuous sp. nov. Euhybus pectinifemur dorsally, yellow; long setae on tergite 1 and on lateral of St 2–3. Terminalia (Figs. 1–4). Hypandrium with 3 long and robust setae at (Figs. 1–6, 50, 51) apex of right lateral lobe. Right surstylus developed, curved, exter- Diagnosis. Scutum with discreet bluish metallic shine, and nal surface with small protuberances bearing long robust setae; left numerous and elongate black setae. Wing narrow, slightly brown- surstylus wide in lateral view, with long and slender setae. Phallus ish, stigma brown. Hind femur thickened, clothed in elongate robust with ventral and dorsal ejaculatory apodemes similar in size; yellow setae, with ventral brush of spine-like setae; hind tibia cylin- postgonites asymmetrical. drical, widened and concave ventrally near apex to accommodate Female. Similar to the male except for some aspects of hind leg: ventral brush of femoral spine-like setae. Hypandrium with 3 long hind femur with 1 strong A seta on distal third, 7AV setae on two and robust setae at apex of right lateral lobe; right surstylus devel- distal thirds, 6PV setae on distal half, lacking ventral tubercle bear- oped, curved, external surface with small protuberances bearing ing strong spines at mid-length of femur; hind tibia simple, lacking long robust setae. wide, concave, preapical ventral area. Terminalia: tergite and ster- Description. Holotype male (QCAZ). Body: 5.1 mm. Wing: nite 7 short and wide, sternite with distal margin trilobed; segment 4.3 mm. Postpedicel lanceolate, about 3 times longer than wide. 8 partially membranous. Face very narrowly dichoptic, black, approximately as long as Variations. Some paratypes have brown pleura. frons. Ocellar setae thin, parallel and proclinate. Postcranium shiny, Type material. Holotype male (QCAZ). ECUADOR. Zamora clothed in dense pale-brown pruinescence; postocular setae elon- Chinchipe, Estación Científica San Francisco [Reserva Biológica gate; occipital setae short, thin and numerous. Thorax black except San Francisco], 0713956-9560588, Canal trail 1956 m, Varredura, for yellow spot on postpronotal lobe and postalar callus; scutum 12–17/iv/2015, A. Plant & J. Camara Leg. Condition: good, except by shiny, with discreet bluish metallic shine and brown pruinescence the left wing folded and right antenna lost. Holotype not dissected. on lateral and prescutellar disc. Pronotum with numerous marginal, Paratypes. Same data as holotype (1 female, 1 male QCAZ; 1 male robust and elongate setae. Pleura mostly shiny, with narrow strip of INPA). sparse brown pruinescence on dorsal margin of upper sclerites, and Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Zamora Chinchipe). on ventral margins of lower sclerites. Setae black and elongate; acr Etymology. From the Latin pecten = comb, in reference to the multiserial and dc uniserial on anterior third of scutum, and more series of spines forming a comb on the ventral surface of the hind numerous and indistinguishable on prescutellar disc; ial uniserial; femur. spal numerous; notopleuron setose; 3 npl and 1 pal more robust, Comments. This species belongs to the Euhybus neotropicus slightly shorter than apical scutellar pair. Scutellum with 5 pairs of species group that includes E. agens Curran, 1931 from Panama, setae: 1 apical pair long, robust, parallel and approximated; 4 lateral E. hyalopterus (Bezzi, 1905) from Peru, E. neotropicus (Bezzi, 1905) pairs slender, half-length of apical pair. Legs black except for yel- from Bolivia