Discussing Campus LAN Physical Technologies Sean Wilkins NETWORK ENGINEER, AUTHOR AND TECHNICAL EDITOR @Sean_R_Wilkins www.infodispersion.com This bullet list with animations Overview This bullet list with animations Overview Cabling Types This bullet list with animations Overview Cabling Types Transceiver Types This bullet list with animations Overview Cabling Types Transceiver Types Ethernet and Other Physical Standards This bullet list with animations Overview Cabling Types Transceiver Types Ethernet and Other Physical Standards Globomantics - Physical Options Lots of different options exist Cabling Types Cabling Types Twisted pair copper cable with a RJ-45 connector Cabling Types Twisted pair copper cable with a RJ-45 connector Been around for years Cabling Types Twisted pair copper cable with a RJ-45 connector Been around for years Operates similarly with enhanced speed and cabling characteristics Cabling Types Twisted pair copper cable with a RJ-45 connector Been around for years Operates similarly with enhanced speed and cabling characteristics Has a reach of 100 meters and speeds up to 40 Gbps Cabling Types Twisted pair copper cable with a RJ-45 connector Been around for years Operates similarly with enhanced speed and cabling characteristics Has a reach of 100 meters and speeds up to 40 Gbps Recommended: – Connecting directly to end devices Cabling Types Twisted pair copper cable with a RJ-45 connector Been around for years Operates similarly with enhanced speed and cabling characteristics Has a reach of 100 meters and speeds up to 40 Gbps Recommended: – Connecting directly to end devices – Interconnecting networking devices Twisted Pair Cabling Standards Twisted Pair Cabling Standards Cat 3 Category 3 up to 10 Mbps Twisted Pair Cabling Standards Cat 3 Cat 5 Category 3 Category 5 up to up to 10 Mbps 100 Mbps Twisted Pair Cabling Standards Cat 3 Cat 5 Cat 5e Category 3 Category 5 Category 5e up to up to up to 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps Twisted Pair Cabling Standards Cat 3 Cat 5 Cat 5e Cat 6, 6a, 7 Category 3 Category 5 Category 5e Category up to up to up to 6, 6a, 7 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps Up to 10 Gbps Twisted Pair Cabling Standards Cat 3 Cat 5 Cat 5e Cat 6, 6a, 7 Cat 8, 8.1, 8.2 Category 3 Category 5 Category 5e Category Category 8, up to up to up to 6, 6a, 7 8.1, 8.2 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps Up to Up to 10 Gbps 40 Gbps Factors for Selecting Cable Equipment Factors for Selecting Cable Equipment Budget Factors for Selecting Cable Equipment Budget Environment Other Copper Options Twinax InfiniBand (Direct Attach Copper) Limited cable distance Twinax (DAC) – supports up to 400 Gbps InfiniBand – supports up to 200 Gbps Factors for Selecting Cables Benefits of copper and fiber Factors for Selecting Cables Benefits of Cheaper than copper and fiber fiber alternatives Factors for Selecting Cables Benefits of Cheaper than Require less power copper and fiber fiber alternatives and latency Fiber Optic Fiber Optic Many different types of fiber cabling Fiber Optic Many different types of fiber cabling Many characteristics overlap with alternatives Fiber Optic Many different types of fiber cabling Many characteristics overlap with alternatives Many different types of fiber including category levels Two Main Types of Fiber Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Narrow core (~9 microns) Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Narrow core (~9 microns) Single mode of light Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Narrow core (~9 microns) Wide core (50/62.5 microns) Single mode of light Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Narrow core (~9 microns) Wide core (50/62.5 microns) Single mode of light Multiple modes of light Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Short cable lengths Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Short cable lengths Used within the same room or a small building Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Longer cable lengths Short cable lengths Used within the same room or a small building Two Main Types of Fiber 125 μm 125 μm 125 μm Cladding Core 9 μm 50 μm 62.5 μm Single Mode Fiber (SMF) Multi Mode Fiber (MMF) Longer cable lengths Short cable lengths Maximum distance of 100s of Used within the same room or kilometers (amplified) a small building Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 OM5 Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 OM5 Legacy MMF Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 OM5 Legacy MMF (50 or 62.5) Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 OM5 50 micron core Legacy MMF (50 or 62.5) Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 OM5 50 micron core Used for longer distances Legacy MMF (50 or 62.5) Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 OM5 50 micron core Used for longer distances Legacy MMF Faster rates (50 or 62.5) Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 OM5 50 micron core Used for longer distances Legacy MMF Faster rates (50 or 62.5) OM3, OM4 – “Laser optimized” Multi Mode Fiber Options OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 OM5 50 micron core Used for longer distances Legacy MMF Faster rates (50 or 62.5) OM3, OM4 – “Laser optimized” OM5 - SWDM Active Optical Cables (AOC) Similar use to DAC Active Optical Cables (AOC) Utilize an electrical connection, with optical transport Active Optical Cables (AOC) Higher Lighter Less power Immune to EMI performance Active Optical Cables (AOC) Supports up to 400 Gbps Review the different fiber optic connectors Review the different fiber optic connectors There are many different fiber optic connector types compared with the one (RJ-45) that is used for copper cabling ST Uses twist on-off (bayonet) mechanism, simplex SC Push/pull and click mechanism, simplex or duplex ST and SC Compatible Ferrule Design LC Retaining tab mechanism, Smaller than ST/SC, duplex Preferred option MPO Push on mechanism, multiple types depending on fiber count Preferred option MTRJ Retaining tab mechanism, duplex Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted Most Common on Cisco Equipment This slide is with animations Transceiver Types Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted This slide is with animations Transceiver Types The physical interface is sometimes built-in (transceiver) Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted This slide is with animations Transceiver Types The physical interface is sometimes built-in (transceiver) Common on smaller networking equipment and high-density RJ-45 Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted This slide is with animations Transceiver Types The physical interface is sometimes built-in (transceiver) Common on smaller networking equipment and high-density RJ-45 Not as common with higher speed/density requirements Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted This slide is with animations Transceiver Types The physical interface is sometimes built-in (transceiver) Common on smaller networking equipment and high-density RJ-45 Not as common with higher speed/density requirements Often the transceiver is separate and insertable Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted Transceiver Type Selection Transceiver Type Selection Cabling Type Transceiver Type Selection Cabling Type Standard Used Transceiver Type Selection Cabling Type Standard Used Equipment Used Transceiver Type Selection Cabling Type Standard Used Equipment Used Line Card Used Transceiver Type Selection Cabling Type Standard Used Equipment Used Line Card Used Smaller transceiver size/density has driven development of new options Transceiver Types Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted Transceiver Types Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) used for: Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted Transceiver Types Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) used for: – Gigabit Ethernet Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted Transceiver Types Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) used for: – Gigabit Ethernet – UTP with RJ-45 connectors Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted Transceiver Types Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) used for: – Gigabit Ethernet – UTP with RJ-45 connectors – SMF or MMF using SC connectors Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc. Unauthorized use not permitted Transceiver Types Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) used for: – Gigabit Ethernet – UTP with RJ-45 connectors – SMF or MMF using SC connectors – Largely deprecated Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc.