ZooKeys 1039: 177–197 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1039.66493 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research High endemicity in aquatic dance flies of Corsica, France (Diptera, Empididae, Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae), with the description of a new species of Chelipoda Marija Ivković1, Marija Perović1, Patrick Grootaert2, Marc Pollet2,3 1 Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia 2 Entomology Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium 3 Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Havenlaan 88 bus 73, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium Corresponding author: Marija Ivković ([email protected]) Academic editor: Marc De Meyer | Received 25 March 2021 | Accepted 30 April 2021 | Published 25 May 2021 http://zoobank.org/BA0635A0-37DC-4988-AE58-C3F22A5716BA Citation: Ivković M, Perović M, Grootaert P, Pollet M (2021) High endemicity in aquatic dance flies of Corsica, France (Diptera, Empididae, Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae), with the description of a new species of Chelipoda. ZooKeys 1039: 177–197. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1039.66493 Abstract All known records of aquatic dance flies (Empididae, Clinocerinae: 21 species; Hemerodromiinae: eight species) from the island of Corsica (France) are summarized, including previously unpublished data and data on the newly described species Chelipoda puschae Ivković, Perović & Grootaert, sp. nov. This species was collected during the “La Planète Revisitée Corsica 2019” survey and represents the first description of a new species in the genus Chelipoda from the European–Mediterranean region in more than 180 years. A key to European species of Chelipoda is provided. Including the new species, five species are recorded from Corsica for the first time:Dolichocephala malickyi Wagner, 1995, Dolichocephala oblongoguttata (Dale, 1878), Dolichocephala ocellata (Costa, 1854), Chelifera subangusta Collin, 1961, and Hemerodromia uni- lineata Zetterstedt, 1842. The new species is described and illustrated, and new records of aquatic dance flies from Corsica are given, with new data on 17 species in eight different genera. At present, 29 species of aquatic dance flies are known from Corsica, with 10 species endemic to the island. Keywords Distribution, Empididae, endemicity, new species, Our Planet Reviewed expedition Copyright Marija Ivković et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 178 Marija Ivković et al. / ZooKeys 1039: 177–197 (2021) Introduction The island of Corsica is situated in the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 170 km south of main- land France, about 90 km west of Italy, and separated from Sardinia by the Strait of Bonifacio. Mountains cover about two-thirds of the island, forming a single chain that runs in a north–south direction. Corsica is one of the most important centres of end- emism for freshwater invertebrates in Europe (Giudicelli 1975; Ketmaier and Caccone 2013). In terms of its area of about 8700 km2, the concentration of endemic species on Corsica is one of the highest in Europe, with most of the endemic species located in spring brooks and streams at higher altitudes (Giudicelli 1975). The aquatic Empididae (Hemerodromiinae and Clinocerinae) of Corsica have previously been studied on a number of occasions (Becker et al. 1910; Vaillant 1965, 1982; Wagner 1995). Becker et al. (1910) and Vaillant (1965, 1982) described, in to- tal, three new species of aquatic dance flies from the island. Pusch (1996) provided the most detailed study of the Clinocerinae of Corsica, describing six new species. At pre- sent 23 species of aquatic dance flies are known from Corsica (Becker et al. 1910; Vail- lant 1964, 1981; Wagner 1995; Pusch 1996), with nine endemics (Yang et al. 2007). Both larval and adult aquatic Empididae are predators, mainly feeding on smaller aquatic dipterans such as Chironomidae, Simuliidae, and Psychodidae (Vaillant 1952, 1967; Harkrider 2000; Werner and Pont 2003; Ivković et al. 2007; Ivković and Plant 2015). Adult Hemerodromiinae are easily distinguished from adult Clinocerinae by their raptorial forelegs. They live and hunt in riparian vegetation, whereas adult Cli- nocerinae are primarily found on the surface of emergent wet stones or in moss mats (Ivković et al. 2007; Sinclair 2008). Distribution and biodiversity studies are crucial for an understanding of the driv- ers of biodiversity hotspots (Ivković and Plant 2015; Schmidt-Kloiber et al. 2017). Regional distribution and biodiversity surveys are important for defining the biogeo- graphic distribution of certain species or genera. They also contribute to the study of the various factors that influence changes in biodiversity and that subsequently affect the species conservation status (Meyer and Wagner 2011; Ivković et al. 2013a, 2017, 2020; Shamshev and Ivković 2020). In this paper, we present new records of aquatic dance flies from Corsica (France) and also describe a new species. Detailed distribution data are presented, all resulting from the examination of specimens collected at 26 sites, sampled during the “La Pla- nète Revisitée Corsica 2019” survey in June 2019. Materials and methods New specimen records This paper is largely based on data and specimens obtained during the “La Planète Re- visitée Corsica 2019” survey (http://laplaneterevisitee-corse.mnhn.fr/fr/participants- Aquatic dance flies of Corsica 179 volet-terrestre-2019). This 6th section of the large-scale biodiversity programme “La Planète Revisitée” or “Our Planet Reviewed” was organized solely by the French Na- tional Museum of Natural History (MNHN, Paris). Its primary aim is to rehabilitate taxonomic work that focuses on the largely neglected components of global biodiver- sity, i.e. invertebrates (both marine and terrestrial). The Corsica survey started in the spring of 2019 and will be concluded during 2021. It has entailed a number of blitz visits of one or two weeks to particular areas, and traps that were operational through- out the season. At the end of June 2019, a team of 10 French and two Belgian research- ers conducted fieldwork in the Alta Rocca region in the south, and the Tartagine valley in the north. They employed a large number of sampling techniques including Malaise traps, pan traps of different colours, polytraps, light traps, pitfall traps, and Lindgren funnel traps. Sweep nets and hand collecting were also used. Between June 23 and 26, 2019, 17 sites at four different research locations in the Alta Rocca area (southern Corsica) were selected for pan trap sampling by Marc Pollet. At three locations, four sampling sites were operational and at the main research location, Campu di Bonza (BO), a fifth sampling site was added. In nearly all sampling sites the same sampling strategy was applied: five blue, five yellow and five white pan traps were installed at soil surface level, in five 3-coloured trap sets. They were filled to two-thirds full with a light formalin solution (<5%) and detergent to lower the surface tension. All traps were operational for four consecutive days (27–30 June 2019). A total of 258 pan traps were in operation during this period. In addition, at each of the sampling sites (and also at other places in each location), flies were collected by sweep net and by hand (with a small polymer jar). All specimens included in the present paper were retrieved from the pan trap and sweep net samples, and from the hand collecting. All sampling sites were georeferenced while sampling. The names of taxa reflect current nomenclature and classifications (Sinclair 1995; Yang et al. 2007). Species of Wiedemannia mentioned herein are not assigned to subgenus, as the subgenera do not represent monophyletic groups and are therefore considered invalid (Ivković et al. 2019). The literature used for identification included Engel (1939, 1940), Vaillant (1965, 1982), Wagner and Horvat (1993), Wagner (1995), and Pusch (1996). Records are listed for each species. A list of sampling sites with latitude, longi- tude, altitude, and collecting method is presented in Table 1, and a map showing the positions of the georeferenced sampling sites is also provided (Fig. 1). The collected aquatic dance flies were preserved in 75% ethanol solution (EtOH). For identifica- tion purposes, in some cases male terminalia were macerated in hot 85% lactic acid, dissected, and stored in 75% ethanol along with the specimen in the same tube. All specimens listed in the Material examined sections were collected by Anja De Braekeleer, Claire Villemant, and Marc Pollet. Taxonomic diversity is considered at the level of subfamily, genus, and species. Label data for primary types are cited in full, with original spelling, punctuation, and dates. This study is based on material housed in the following institutions: National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France (MNHN); Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium (RBINS); col. M. Ivković, University of Zagreb, Croatia (UZC); and Canadian 180 Marija Ivković et al. / ZooKeys 1039: 177–197 (2021) Table 1. List of sampling sites in Corsica during the “La Planète Revisitée Corsica 2019” survey. MSW = random sweep netting, SW = visual sweep