Leader Development As a Cultural and Narrative Phenomenon 

Leader Development As a Cultural and Narrative Phenomenon 

Krista Anttila Leader Development as a Cultural and Narrative Phenomenon ACTA WASAENSIA 461 ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Board of the School of Management of the University of Vaasa, for public examination on the 1st of June, 2021, at noon. Reviewers Professor Alf Rehn University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 DK-5240 Odense M Docent Teppo Sintonen University of Jyväskylä PO Box 35 FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä Finland III Julkaisija Julkaisupäivämäärä Vaasan yliopisto Toukokuu 2021 Tekijä(t) Julkaisun tyyppi Krista Anttila Väitöskirja ORCID tunniste Julkaisusarjan nimi, osan numero Acta Wasaensia, 461 Yhteystiedot ISBN Vaasan yliopisto 978-952-476-955-6 (painettu) Johtamisen akateeminen yksikkö 978-952-476-956-3 (verkkoaineisto) Henkilöstöjohtaminen http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-476-956-3 PL 700 ISSN FI-65101 VAASA 0355-2667 (Acta Wasaensia 461, painettu) 2323-9123 (Acta Wasaensia 461, verkkoaineisto) Sivumäärä Kieli 237 Englanti Julkaisun nimike Johtajuuteen kasvaminen kulttuurisena ja narratiivisena ilmiönä Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja tutkii johtajuuteen kasvamista narratiivisena ja kulttuurisena ilmiönä. Tutkimuskohteena on suomalainen johtajuusdiskurssi, jota lähestytään dialogisen johtajuuspuheen ja kulttuurisesti merkittävän kaunokirjallisuuden kautta. Päätutkimuskysymys on: Millainen johtajuuteen kasvamisen prosessi on kulttuurisena ja narratiivisena ilmiönä? Pääkysymykseen vastataan seuraavien alakysymysten avulla: Miten sisäisen tarinan käsite voidaan teoreettisesti kehittää illustroivaksi sisäiseksi tarinaksi? Millaisia illustroivia sisäisiä tarinoita voidaan rakentaa haastattelumateriaalin sekä romaanien Tuntematon sotilas ja Täällä Pohjantähden alla, osa III narratiivisista luennoista? Kuinka nämä tarinat suhteutuvat toisiinsa? Millaisia käytännön seurauksia näillä illustroivilla sisäisillä tarinoilla on johtajuuteen kasvamiselle sekä johtajuudelle ylipäätään? Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys on Vilma Hännisen (2004) tarinallisen kierto- kulun malli ja sisäisen tarinan käsite, jota on kehitetty edelleen illustroivaksi sisäiseksi tarinaksi Bourdieun (1992) habitus-käsitteen avulla. Tutkimuksen empiiristä osiota varten on haastateltu kahtatoista johtajaa eri toimialoilta merkityksellisiksi kokemis- taan asioista johtajuuteen kasvamisen prosessin kannalta. Haastatteluista on viiden narratiivisen luennan avulla rakennettu alustavat johtajuuteen kasvamisen tarinat, jonka jälkeen Väinö Linnan romaanit on analysoitu erityisesti suhteessa niistä löytyviin johtajuuteen kasvamista kuvaaviin habituspohjaisiin tarinoihin. Näitä tarinoita on tämän jälkeen käytetty vertailun ja täydentämisen välineinä suhteessa haastatteluista rakennettuihin tarinoihin. Tutkimusmateriaaleista on identifioitu johtajuuteen kasvamisen kannalta yhteiset diskursiiviset resurssit, joihin pohjautuen on muodostet- tu kaksi ideaalityyppistä tarinaa kahdella eri habituksella; tarinat on nimetty ”Miner” ja ”Settler”-tarinoiksi. Tutkimus osoittaa, että tiettyjä johtajuuteen kasvamista koskevia, kulttuurisesti vakiintuneita diskursiivisia resursseja uusinnetaan haastattelutilanteessa syntyvässä johtajuuspuheessa. Näistä resursseista koostuvia narratiiveja voidaan hyödyntää johtajuuskasvatuksessa ja johtajuuden kehittämisessä. Asiasanat Johtajuus, kasvu, narratiivinen tutkimus, kirjallisuus, diskurssi V Publisher Date of publication Vaasan yliopisto May 2021 Author(s) Type of publication Krista Anttila Doctoral thesis ORCID identifier Name and number of series Acta Wasaensia, 461 Contact information ISBN University of Vaasa 978-952-476-955-6 (print) School of Management 978-952-476-956-3 (online) Human Resource Management http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-476-956-3 P.O. Box 700 ISSN FI-65101 Vaasa 0355-2667 (Acta Wasaensia 461, print) Finland 2323-9123 (Acta Wasaensia 461, online) Number of pages Language 237 English Title of publication Leader Development as a Cultural and Narrative Phenomenon Abstract This dissertation examines the process of leader development as a narrative and cultural phenomenon. The object of interest is Finnish leadership discourse which is approached through dialogical leader talk and culturally significant literature. The main research question is: What is the process of leader development like as a cultural and narrative phenomenon? The main research question is resolved by answering the following sub-questions: How can the concept of inner narrative be theoretically developed into an illustrative inner narrative? What kind of ideal typical illustrative inner narratives can be constructed from the narrative readings of the interview material and the lay reading of the novels Unknown Soldiers and Reconciliation? How do these illustrative inner narratives relate to each other? What types of practical implications may these illustrative inner narratives have on leader development and leadership in general? The theoretical framework of the study is Vilma Hänninen’s model of narrative circulation and concept inner narrative which has been developed into an illustrative inner narrative through use of Bourdieu’s (1992) concept of habitus. For the empirical section, twelve leaders of different fields have been interviewed about the factors they find significant regarding their growth journeys. The interview material has been examined through five readings which have resulted in two compiled development narratives. These narratives have then been compared to and complemented with a lay reading of Väinö Linna’s novels and particular leader development trajectories in them. From these research materials, shared discursive resources regarding development have been identified and built into narratives with different habituses. Those narratives have been named “Miner” and “Settler”. The study shows that in an interview, a number of particular established discursive resources are being reproduced. The narratives constructed out of them can be used in development of leader education and leadership in general. Keywords Leadership, development, narrative research, literature, discourse VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Through the years, many people and organizations have supported me and I am now happy to express them my gratitude. My former teachers and colleagues Professor Sirkku Aaltonen, Professor Jukka Tiusanen, and Professor Vesa Routamaa have all supported me in different ways and every one of them has had an important, positive role in my journey. During the dissertation process, Professor Riitta Viitala has been my patient and understanding supervisor who has walked the whole journey with me and steered the process onwards with positivity, faith, and scientific vision. Also, Assistant Professor Seppo Luoto’s enthusiastic coaching and skills in narrative research have been invaluable in getting my dissertation onto the right track. Docent Niina Koivunen’s warm encouragement and practical advice have helped me in tying this study into a coherent whole; The Finnish Cultural Foundation and The Foundation for Economic Education have generously granted me the financial support to do so. Towards the end of the writing process, my pre-examiners Professor Alf Rehn and Docent Teppo Sintonen have used their precious time and offered me valuable suggestions for improving this study. On top of this, my friends and lovely family have been constant, unwavering sources of support all through this process; I never would have been able to make it alone. I thank you all. At Easter 2021 IX Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ VII PROLOGUE .............................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 3 1.1 Narrative view on leader development process ......................... 4 1.2 Objective of the study .............................................................. 6 1.3 Method of analysis .................................................................. 7 1.4 Expected contributions ............................................................ 9 2 LEADER DEVELOPMENT .................................................................... 12 2.1 Origins of leader development ............................................... 12 2.2 Leader development and leadership development .................. 13 2.3 Manager development and leader development ..................... 14 2.4 Approaches to leader development process ........................... 16 2.4.1 Development of competencies and skills ................. 16 2.4.2 Learning from experiences ...................................... 18 2.4.3 Identity development .............................................. 20 2.4.4 Increasing self-awareness and authenticity .............. 22 2.4.5 Change in meaning structures ................................. 24 2.4.6 Leader development as a narrative, contextual phenomenon ........................................................... 25 2.5 Towards the illustrative inner narrative .................................. 27 3 USING THE MODEL OF NARRATIVE CIRCULATION IN CULTURALLY ORIENTED ORGANIZATION RESEARCH .............................................. 29 3.1 The model of narrative circulation ......................................... 29 3.1.1 Cultural stock of stories .......................................... 32 3.1.2 Personal stock of stories ......................................... 34 3.1.3 Situation ................................................................

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