-- - Quick Reference Borland" Turbo Assembler" Quick Reference Borland® Turbo Assembler® Borland International, Inc., 100 Borland Way \ P.O. Box 660001, Scotts Valley, CA95067-000l Borland may have patents and/or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. Copyright © 1988, 1995 by Borland International. All rights reserved. All Borland products are trademarks or registered trademarks of Borland International, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. The material in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 is reprinted with permission of Intel Corporation, copyright © Intel Corporation 1987, 1995. Printed in the U.S.A LSM1350WW2I772 5EOR1295 9596979899-9 8 7 6 5 4 HI Contents Chapter 1 DATAPTR............. 8 DUP ................ 8 Predefined symbols 1 DWORD .............. 8 $ .................. 1 DWORDPTR .......... 8 @32Bit ............... 1 EQ ................. 8 @code ............... 1 FAR ................ 8 @CodeSize . 1 FARPTR ............. 8 @CPU ............... 1 FWORD .............. 8 @curseg .............. 1 FWORDPTR ........... 8 @data ............... 1 GE ................. 9 @DataSize. 2 GT ........ '" ...... 9 ??date ............... 2 HIGH ............... 9 @fardata ............. 2 HIGH ............... 9 @fardata? ............. 2 LARGE .............. 9 @FileName . 2 LE ................. 9 ??filename ............. 2 LENGTH ............. 9 @Interface. 2 LOW ................ 9 @Model .............. 2 LOW ................ 9 @Objed .............. 2 LT ................ 10 @ffi&k ............... 2 MASK .............. 10 @Startup .............. 2 MOD ............... 10 @Table_<objectname>.. 2 NE ................ 10 @TableAddr_<objectname> . .·3 NEAR .............. 10 ??time ............... 3 NEARPTR ........... 10 ??version . 3 NOT ............... 10 @WordSize . 3 OFFSET ............. 10 OR ................ 10 Chapter 2 PROC .............. 11 Operators 5 PROCPTR ........... 11 Ideal mode operator PTR ............... 11 precedence ........ 5 PWORD ............. 11 PWORD PTR . 11 MASM mode operator QWORD ............. 11 precedence ........ 5 QWORD PTR ......... 11 Operators . 6 SEG ............... 11 () .................. 6 SHL ............... 11 * .................. 6 SHORT ............. 12 + (binary) . 6 SHR ... , ........... 12 + (unary) ............. 6 SIZE ............... 12 - (binary) . 6 SMALL .............. 12 - (unary) ............. 6 SYMTYPE ............ 12 .................... 7 TBYTE .............. 12 / .................. 7 TBYTE PTR . 12 : .................. 7 THIS ............... 12 ? .................. 7 .TYPE .............. 13 [j ................. 7 TYPE ............... 13 AND ................ 7 TYPE .............. 13 BYTE ................ 7 UNKNOWN ...... , ... 13 BYTEPTR ., .......... 7 WIDTH ............. 13 CODEPTR. 7 WORD ............. 13 WORDPTR ........... 13 ASSUME ............. 20 XOR ..........•.... 13 %BIN .............. 20 Macro operators ...... 14 .BREAK .... " ....... 20 & ................ 14 BYTE .............. 21 <> ............... 14 CALL' .............. 21 1. ................ 14 CATSTR ............ 21 0/0 ..............•.. 14 .CODE ............. 21 14 CODESEG ........... 21 Run-time operators ...... 14 COMM ............. 21 -- ................ 14 COMMENT .......... 22 != ................ 14 %CONDS ....... I. • • • • 22 > ................. 14 .CONST ............. 22 >= ................ 15 CONST ............. 22 < ................. 15 .CONTINUE .......... 22 <= ................ 15 .CREF .............. 22 I I ................ 15 %CREF ............. 22 %CREFALL .......... 22 && .......... l .••. 15 & ................. 15 %CREFREF . 23 ! ........ ,......... 15 %CREFUREF . 23 CARRY? ............ 15 %CTLS ............. 23 OVERFLOW? '" . 15 .DATA ............. 23 PARITY? ............ 15 DATASEG ........... 23 SIGN? .............. 16 .DATA? ............. 23 ZERO? ............. 16 DB ...... '.......... 23 DD ................ 24 Chapter 3 %DEPTH ............ 24 DF ................ 24 Directives 17 DISPLAY ............ 24 .186 ............... 17 DOSSEG ............ 24 .286 ............... 17 DP ................ 24 .286C .............. 17 DQ ... '" .......... 25 .286P .............. 17 DT ................ 25 .287 ............... 17 DW ............... 25 .386 ............... 17 DWORD ....... , .... 25 .386C .............. 18 ECHO .............. 25 .386P .............. 18 ELSE ............... 25 .387 ............... 18 .ELSE .............. 26 .486 ............... 18 ELSEIF ............. 26 .486C .............. 18 EMUL .............. 26 .486P .............. 18 END ............... 26 .487 ............... 18 ENDIF .............. 26 .586 ............... 18 .ENDIF ............. 27 .586C .............. 19 ENDM ............. 27 .586P .............. 19 ENDP .............. 27 .587 ............... 19 ENDS .............. 27 ,.8086 ............... 19 .ENDW ............. 27 .8087 ............... 19 ENUM ............. 27 19 EQU ............... 27 19 .ERR ............... 28 ALIGN ............ 19 ERR ............... 28 .ALPHA ........... 19 .ERR1 .............. 28 ALIAS ............. 20 .ERR2 .............. 28 ARG .............. 20 ii .ERRB ...............28 IFIDNI ............. 36 .ERRDEF .............28 IFNB ............... 37 .ERRDIF .............28 IFNDEF ............. 37 .ERRDIFI . .28 %INCL ............. 38 .ERRE ...............29 INCLUDE ........... 38 .ERRIDN .............29 INCLUDELIB ......... 38 .ERRIDNI. .29 INSTR .............. 38 ERRIF ...............29 INVOKE ............ 38 ERRIF1 ..............29 IRP ................ 39 ERRIF2 ............. .29 IRPC ............... 39 ERRIFB ..............29 JMP ............... 39 ERRIFDEF . .29 JUMPS ............. 39 ERRIFDIF. .30 LABEL ............. 39 ERRIFDIFI . .30 .LALL .............. 39 ERRIFE ..............30 LARGESTACK. 39 ERRIFIDN . .30 .LFCOND ............ 40 ERRIFIDNI ............30 %LINUM ............ 40 ERRIFNB .............30 %LIST .............. 40 ERRIFNDEF . .30 .LIST ............... 40 .ERRNB ..............30 .LISTALL . 40 .ERRNDEF ............31 .LISTIF ............. 40 .ERRNZ ..............31 .LISTMACRO . 40 EVEN ...............31 .LISTMACROALL . 40 EVENDATA ...........31 LOCAL ............. 41 .EXIT ...............31 LOCALS ............ 41 EXITCODE ............31 MACRO ............ 41 EXITM ..............31 %MACS ............. 41 EXTERN .............31 MASKFLAG .......... 41 EXTERNDEF ...........31 MASM ............. 41 EXTRN ..............32 MASM51 ............ 41 .FARDATA ............32 MODEL ............. 41 FARDATA ............32 .MODEL ........ :'.. 42 .FARDATA? ...........32 MULTERRS .......... 42 FASTIMUL . .32 NAME ............. 42 FLIPFLAG . .32 %NEWPAGE. 42 FOR ..................33 %NOCONDS .......... 42 FORC ...............33 %NOCREF ........... 42 FWORD .............33 %NOCTLS ........... 42 GETFIELD . .33 NOEMUL ............ 43 GLOBAL .............33 %NOINCL ........... 43 GOTO .............. .34 NOJUMPS ........... 43 GROUP ..............34 %NOLIST ............ 43 IDEAL ............. .34 .NOLIST ............ 43 IF .................34 .NOLISTIF ........... 43 .IF .................34 .NOLISTMACRO . 43 IF1 .................35 NOLOCALS . 43 IF2 ..................35 %NOMACS .......... 44 IFB .................35 NOMASM51 . 44 IFDEF ...............35 NOMULTERRS ........ 44 IFDIF ...............35 NOSMART ........... 44 IFDIFI ...............36 %NOSYMS ........... 44 IFE .................36 %NOTRUNC. 44 IFIDN ...............36 NOWARN ........... 44 iii OPTION ............ 44 SBYTE .............. 52 ORG ............... 45 SDWORD ............ 52 %OUT .............. 45 SEGMENT ............ 52 P186 ............... 45 .SEQ ............... 52 P286 ............... 45 SETFIELD ........... 53 P286N .............. 45 SETFLAG ............ 53 P286P .............. 45 .sFCOND ............ 53 P287 ............... 45 SIZESTR ............ 53 P386 ............... 45 SMALLSTACK ......... 53 P386N .............. 45 SMART ............. 53 P386P .............. 46 .sTACK .......... : .. 53 P387 ........ : ...... 46 STACK ............. 53 P486 ............... 46 .STARTUP . 54 P486N .............. 46 STARTUPCODE . 54 P487 ............... 46 STRUC .......... '.' . 54 P586 . '.' ............ 46 STRUCT ............ 54 P586N .............. 46 SUBSTR ............. 54 P587 ............... 46 SUBTITLE ........... 54 P8086 .............. 47 SUBTTL ............. 55 P8087 .............. 47 %SUBTTL ............ 55 PAGE .............. 47 SWORD ............. 55 %PAGESIZE .......... 47 %SYMS ............. 55 %PCNT ............. 47 TABLE ............. 55 PN087 ............. 47 %TABSIZE . 55 %POPLCTL .......... 47 TBLINIT ............ 55 POPSTATE ........... 47 TBLINST ............ 55 PROC .............. 48 TBLPTR ............. 56 PROCDESC .......... 48 TBYTE .............. 56 PROCTYPE. 48 TESTFLAG ........... 56 PROTO ............. 49 %TEXT ............. 56 PUBLic ............. 49 TEXTEQU ........... 56 PUBLICDLL . 49 .TFCOND ....... -. 56 . PURGE ............. 49 TITLE .............. 56 %PUSHLCTL ......... 49 %TITLE ............. 56 PUSHSTATE . 49 %TRUNC ............ 56 QUIRKS ............ 50 TYPEDEF ......... , .. 57 QWORD ............ 50 UDATASEG .......... 57 .RADIX ............. 50 UFARDATA .......... 57 RADIX ...... ' ....... 50 UNION ............. 57 REAL4 ....... : ..... 50 .UNTIL ............. 57 REAL8 ............. 50 .UNTILCXZ . 57 REAL10 ............. 50 USES .............. 58 RECORD ............ 50 VERSION ...........