Antioxidant Activities of Different Types of Vinegars OBJECTIVE: To study the free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power of aqueous extracts of different types of Farjana Yasmin1*, Khairul Niza Abdul Razak2, Nor Adlin Yusoff1 vinegar at different concentrations. 1 Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DPPH Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. 150 Apple cider *Corresponding author: [email protected] balsamic 100 brown rice INTRODUCTION: Vinegars are functional foods that are distilled white malt 50 widely consumed. Preclinical animal studies have also reported nipah the effects of different vinegars on metabolic parameters (Yusoff red wine 0 et al., 2015). In addition, high blood sugar was also reported to 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 mg/ml cause increased free radicals and reduced antioxidant markers. Figure 1 showed that Balsamic Vinegar is the strongest effect Polyphenols and melanoidins, respectively, also have the among of the total DPPH activity of different vinegars. The antioxidant properties of vinegars derived from raw materials different types of vinegar showed a trend of free radical and fermentation processes (Chen et al. 2016). So, this study scavenging activity as follows: BV > NPV > RV > MV > ACV > was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of different BRV > DWV. types of vinegars that may help to control postprandial glucose 90 level. 80 MATERIALS AND METHODS 70 Vinegar samples and sample preparation 60 Seven vinegars were obtained from local retailers as follows: 50 Apple cider vinegar (ACV), balsamic vinegar (BV), brown rice 40 30 vinegar (BR), distilled white vinegar (DW), malt vinegar (MV), Concentration mg/ml 20 nipa palm vinegar (NPV) and red wine vinegar (RWV). Vinegar 10 samples were freshly prepared every time by diluting the stock 0 100 50 25 12.5 6.25 3.125 1.563 solution with distilled water. -10 Absorbance abs.(BRV) Abs.(Dwv) Abs.(Acv) Abs. (Bv) ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY ASSAYS Abs. (NV) Abs. (MV) Abs. (RV) Standards (respectively) Figure 2 showed the Ferric-reducing power of the tested Aqueous extract (AE) samples. The different types of vinegar showed a trend of Ferric- Ethanol extract (EE) reducing antioxidant power activity as follows BV > MV > RV > NPV > ACV > BRV > DWV. Free radical Ferric-reducing CONCLUSION: A consistent dose-dependent pattern of potent scavenging activity antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant activity is seen in all vinegars. So, it is clear evidance (DPPH) assay assay that vinegar can reduce post-prandial hyperglycemia that can be used as a diabetic medication. References 1. Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. and Berset, C.L.W.T.: Use of a % Radical scavenging Reduction of Fe3+ free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food science and Technology, 28(1), 1995, pp.25-30. activity compared to in ferric chloride to 2. Chen, J. C. - Zheng, B. D. - Zhao, Y. Y. - Xu, J. - Wu, J. J. - Luo, C. - 2 standard Fe Pang, J. - He, G. Q.: Hypolipidemic effects on lipid metabolism and lipase inhibition by black vinegar powder. Journal of Biobased Materials Procedures of DPPH (Brand-Williams et al., 1995) and Bioenergy, 6, 2012, pp. 634-6 1. 50 µL extract + 150 50 µL extract (1-3No.) 3. Firuzi, O.- Lacanna, A.- Petrucci, R.- Marrosu, G. and Saso, L.: 2.. 50 µL extract + 150 µL EtOH ( 4 No.) Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of flavonoids by “ferric reducing antioxidant power” assay and cyclic voltammetry. Biochimica et 3. 50 µL extract + 150 µL DPPH ( 6-8 No.) Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1721, 2005, pp.174-184. 4. 50 µL extract + 150 µL EtOH ( 9 NO.) 4. Yusoff, N. A. - Yam, M. F. - Beh, H. K. - Razak, K. N. A. - Widyawati, 5. 50 µL dH2O + 150 µL DPPH (12 No.) T. - Mahmud, R. - Ahmad, M. - Asmawi, M. Z.: Antidiabetic and Procedures of FRAP: Same procedure as DPPH. Using FRAP antioxidant activities of Nypa fruticans Wurmb. vinegar sample from instead of DPPH (Firuzi et al., 2005). Malaysia. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 8, 2015, PP. 595- 605.