Overview Examples and Tools Case Studies Water Safety Plan Manual Step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers ,$!70@/@G/B/:=5C7<57<%C0:71/B7=</B/ 37J;HI7<;JOFB7DC7DK7BIJ;F 8O IJ;FH?IAC7D7=;C;DJ<EH:H?DA?D= M7J;HIKFFB?;HI ,EJ78B;M7J;H IKFFBO 37J;HFEBBKJ?ED FH;L;DJ?ED7D:9EDJHEB 37J;HIKFFBO IJ7D:7H:I .?IAC7D7=;C;DJ C;J>E:I /7D?J7HO;D=?D;;H?D= ;:K97J?ED .;=?ED7B>;7BJ>FB7DD?D= 7.Case reports. I.World Health Organization. II.International Water Association. &/* *()9B7II?R97J?ED3 Suggested citation 7HJH7C' EHH7B;I( !7L?IED !;;H;! !HKHO! $EH:ED %EM7H:$ .?D;>EB: /J;L;DI) 37J;HI7<;JOFB7DC7DK7BIJ;F 8O IJ;FH?IAC7D7=;C;DJ<EH:H?DA?D= M7J;HIKFFB?;HI 3EHB:%;7BJ>+H=7D?P7J?ED $;D;L7 © World Health Organization 2009 International Water Association (IWA) All rights reserved. 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Printed in Malta Water Safety Plan Manual /J;F 8O IJ;FH?IAC7D7=;C;DJ <EH:H?DA?D= M7J;HIKFFB?;HI How to develop and implement a Water Safety Plan IJ;F 8O IJ;F7FFHE79>KI?D=B;7HD?D=CE:KB;I %@3>/@/B7=< ,H;B?C?D7HO79J?EDI ?D9BK:?D=7II;C8B?D=J>;3/,J;7C)E:KB; System Assessment !;I9H?8;J>;M7J;HIKFFBOIOIJ;C)E:KB; Feedback &:;DJ?<OJ>;>7P7H:I7D:7II;IIJ>;H?IAI)E:KB; Determine and validate control measures, reassess and Plan and carry FH?EH?J?P;J>;H?IAI)E:KB; *>5@/23 .;L?I;J>;3/, out periodic Develop, implement, and maintain an improvement/upgrade plan )E:KB; following incident review of the &DL;IJC;DJH;GK?H;: )E:KB; WSP for major system )E:KB; $>3@/B7=</:"=<7B=@7<5 CE:?R97J?ED)E:KB; !;RD;CED?JEH?D=E<9EDJHEBC;7IKH;I)E:KB; Verify the effectiveness of the WSP !E;IJ>;IOIJ;CC;;J>;7BJ> 87I;:J7H=;JI)E:KB; "/</53;3<B/<2=;;C<71/B7=< Incident ;C;H=;D9O ,H;F7H;C7D7=;C;DJFHE9;:KH;I)E:KB; !;L;BEFIKFFEHJ?D=FHE=H7CC;I)E:KB; Contents Introduction 1 Overview of the modules 4 %@3>/@/B7=< Module 1. Assemble the WSP team 8 Module 2. Describe the water supply system 18 Module 3. &:;DJ?<O>7P7H:I7D:>7P7H:EKI;L;DJI7D:7II;IIJ>;H?IAI 26 Module 4. !;J;HC?D;7D:L7B?:7J;9EDJHEBC;7IKH;I H;7II;II7D:FH?EH?J?P;J>;H?IAI 38 System Assessment Module 5. Develop, implement and maintain an improvement/upgrade plan 50 Operational Monitoring Module 6. Defi ne monitoring of the control measures 58 Module 7. Verify the effectiveness of the WSP 66 "/</53;3<B/<2 Module 8. Prepare management procedures 74 Communication Module 9. Develop supporting programmes 82 Feedback and Module 10. Plan and carry out periodic review of the WSP 88 ;>@=D3;3<B Module 11. .;L?I;J>;3/,<EBBEM?D=7D?D9?:;DJ 92 9ADEMB;:=;C;DJI 98 .;<;H;D9;I7D:<KHJ>;H?D<EHC7J?ED 99 Glossary 101 Examples and Tools Introduction “The most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a s 2EGULARLYREVIEWTHEHAZARDS RISKSANDCONTROLS drinking-water supply is through the use of a comprehensive risk s +EEP ACCURATE RECORDS FORTRANSPARENCY AND JUSTIlCATION OF assessment and risk management approach that encompasses outcomes. all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. In these Guidelines, such approaches are called water safety plans This systematic nature of the WSP strategy should (WSPs)”. never be lost or forgotten during implementation. The great advantage of the WSP strategy is that it is applicable to ensuring Purpose of the Manual the safety of water in all types and sizes of water supply systems The words above open Chapter 4 of the Third Edition of the no matter how simple or complex. WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (2004) and capture the philosophy of the WSP approach. The chapter describes the The WSP approach should be considered as a risk management principles of the WSP approach rather than being a guide to strategy or umbrella which will influence a water utility’s whole their practical application. The aim of this Manual is to provide way of working towards the continuing supply of safe water. that practical guidance to facilitate WSP development focusing Significant risks that are not currently controlled need to be particularly on organized water supplies managed by a water mitigated. This may involve short-, medium- or long-term steps for utility or similar entity. improvement. The WSP approach should be dynamic and practical and not merely another operating procedure. Points to consider when developing and implementing It should not be viewed as a vehicle for generating bureaucracy a WSP and paperwork. If it just ends up as a rarely-used folder labelled The aim of a WSP is very straightforward: ‘WSP’ on a shelf, it is almost certainly not an effective approach. To consistently ensure the safety and acceptability of a drinking- water supply. There is no one way to undertake the WSP approach. The text in this Manual shows how the strategy can be The development and implementation of the WSP approach for implemented, with examples showing what has been effective for each drinking-water supply is as follows: some water utilities. What is important is that the WSP approach s 3ETUPATEAMANDDECIDEAMETHODOLOGYBYWHICHA730WILL fits in with the way a utility is organized and operates, otherwise be developed; it will not be accepted within the organization. Developing the s )DENTIFYALLTHEHAZARDSANDHAZARDOUSEVENTSTHATCANAFFECT WSP approach may show that certain ways of working introduce, the safety of a water supply from the catchment, through or do not properly control risks, in which case the utility should treatment and distribution to the consumers’ point of use; alter its way of working. It should not alter its way of working just s !SSESS THE RISK PRESENTED BY EACH HAZARD AND HAZARDOUS to comply with a recommendation from a manual or to reflect event; another utility’s methodology. s #ONSIDERIFCONTROLSORBARRIERSAREINPLACEFOREACHSIGNIlCANT risk and if these are effective; Implementation of the WSP approach requires both financial s 6ALIDATETHEEFFECTIVENESSOFCONTROLSANDBARRIERS support and encouragement from senior management within s )MPLEMENTANIMPROVEMENTPLANWHERENECESSARY a utility.