U.S. Geological Survey MINERAL CoMMODITY SUMMARIES 1997 ALUMINUM FLUORSPAR MANUFACTURED SELENIUM ANTIMONY GALLIUM ABRASIVES SILICON ARSENIC GARNET MERCURY SILVER ASBESTOS GEMSTONES MICA SODA ASH BARITE GERMANIUM MOLYBDENUM SODIUM SULFATE BAUXITE GOLD NICKEL STONE BERYLLIUM GRAPHITE NITROGEN STRONTIUM BISMUTH GYPSUM PEAT SULFUR BORON HAFNIUM PERLITE TALC BROMINE HELIUM PHOSPHATE ROCK TANTALUM CADMIUM ILMENITE PLATINUM TELLURIUM CEMENT INDIUM POTASH THALLIUM CESIUM IODINE PUMICE THORIUM CHROMIUM IRON ORE QUARTZ CRYSTAL TIN CLAYS IRON AND STEEL RARE EARTHS TITANIUM COBALT KYANITE RHENIUM TUNGSTEN COLUMBIUM LEAD RUBIDIUM VANADIUM COPPER LIME RUTILE VERMICULITE DIAMOND LITHIUM SALT YTTRIUM DIATOMITE MAGNESIUM SAND AND GRAVEL ZINC FELDSPAR MANGANESE SCANDIUM ZIRCONIUM This report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering 1996 nonfuel mineral industry data. Most of the estimates are based on at least 6 months of data. These reports contain information about the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year sa­ lient statistics for over 90 individual minerals and materials. Most data are rounded to no more than 3 significant figures. February 1997 ISSN 0160-5151 CONTENTS Page Page General: The Role of Nonfuel Minerals in the Significant Events, Trends, and Issues ...... 5 U.S. Economy ........................ 3 Appendix A-Units of Measure .......... 194 1996 U.S. Net Import Reliance for Selected Appendix B-Non-MFN Areas ........... 194 Nonfuel Mineral Materials ............... 4 Appendix C-Resource/Reserve Definitions 195 Commodities: Aluminum . ....... 18 Manufactured Abrasives . 106 Antimony ............................. 20 Mercury . 108 Arsenic .............................. 22 Mica (Natural), Scrap and Flake .......... 11 O Asbestos ............................. 24 Mica (Natural), Sheet .................. 112 Barite ............................... 26 Molybdenum . 114 Bauxite and Alumina .................... 28 Nickel .............................. 116 Beryllium ............................. 30 Nitrogen (Fixed), Ammonia ............. 118 Bismuth .............................. 32 Peat ............................... 120 Boron ............................... 34 Perlite .............................. 122 Bromine ............................. 36 Phosphate Rock ...................... 124 Cadmium ............................ 38 Platinum-Group Metals ................. 126 Cement .............................. 40 Potash ............................. 128 Cesium .............................. 42 Pumice and Pumicite . 130 Chromium ............................ 44 Quartz Crystal (Industrial) .............. 132 Clays ............................... 46 Rare Earths . 134 Cobalt ............................... 48 Rhenium ............................ 136 Columbium (Niobium) ................... 50 Rubidium ........................... 138 Copper .............................. 52 Rutile .............................. 140 Diamond (Industrial) .................... 54 Salt ................................ 142 Diatomite ............................ 56 Sand and Gravel (Construction) .......... 144 Feldspar ............................. 58 Sand and Gravel (Industrial) ............ 146 Fluorspar ............................ 60 Scandium ........................... 148 Gallium .............................. 62 Selenium ............................ 150 Garnet (Industrial) ..................... 64 Silicon .............................. 152 Gemstones ........................... 66 Silver ............................... 154 Germanium ........................... 68 Soda Ash . 156 Gold ................................ 70 Sodium Sulfate . .................... 158 Graphite (Natural) ...................... 72 Stone (Crushed) ...................... 160 Gypsum ............................. 74 Stone (Dimension) .................... 162 Helium .............................. 76 Strontium ........................... 164 Ilmenite .............................. 78 Sulfur .............................. 166 Indium ............................... 80 Talc and Pyrophyllite .................. 168 Iodine ............................... 82 Tantalum ............................ 170 Iron Ore ............................. 84 Tellurium ............................ 172 Iron and Steel ......................... 86 Thallium ............................ 174 Iron and Steel Scrap .................... 88 Thorium . 176 Iron and Steel Slag ..................... 90 Tin ................................. 178 Kyanite and Related Minerals ............. 92 Titanium and Titanium Dioxide ........... 180 Lead ................................ 94 Tungsten ........................... 182 Lime ................................ 96 Vanadium ........................... 184 Lithium .............................. 98 Vermiculite .......................... 186 Magnesium Compounds ............... 100 Yttrium . 188 Magnesium Metal . 102 Zinc ................................ 190 Manganese .......................... 104 Zirconium and Hafnium ................ 192 For "'le by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Document,. Mail Stop: SSOP. Wa,hington. DC 10402-9:128 ISBN 0-16-049003-0 2 INSTANT INFORMATION In an effort to facilitate the rapid dissemination of information and publications on minerals and materials, two electronic document dissemination systems are now available for use. One, MINES FaxBack, is a simple-to-operate automated fax response system that operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. A user needs access to a fax machine with a touch-tone telephone. After calling MINES FaxBack, the requester is guided by a series of voice messages to assist in ordering the desired documents. Information on approximately 90 commodities, 50 States, and 190 countries is now available on MINES FaxBack. MINES FaxBack can be accessed by calling (703) 648-4999, using the touch-tone telephone attached to the user's fax machine. The second system, MINES-DATA, is a computer bulletin board system that makes Mineral Industry Surveys reports available in electronic form, as computer fi!es. A user needs access to a personal computer with a modem and standard communications software. Information on 33 commodities is now available on MINES-DATA. MINES-DATA can be accessed by calling (703) 648-7799. Further information on how to use MINES-DATA may be obtained from the system operator by calling (703) 648-4750. Information about the U.S. Geological Survey, its programs, staff, and products may be accessed by the Internet at http://www.usgs.gov. Ceologic information on topics such as earthquakes, volcanoes, energy, and mineral resources is available by contacting the Geologic Inquiries Group at (703) 648-4383. Map, digital data, and aerial photography products and information are available by contacting the Earth Science Information Center at 1-800-USA-MAPS. Water data and information may be obtained by contacting the Water Information Center at 1-800-426-9000. General Information about the Minerals Information Team may be accessed by the Internet at http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals. KEY PUBLICATIONS Minerals Yearbook-Annual publications that review the mineral industry of the United States and foreign countries. Contains statistical data on materials and minerals and includes information on economic and technical trends and developments. The Yearbook is published in three volumes: Volume I, Metals and Minerals; Volume II, Area Reports, Domestic; and Volume Ill, Area Reports, International. Mineral Industry Surveys-Periodic statistical and economic reports designed to provide timely statistical data on production, distribution, stocks, and consumption of significant mineral commodities. The surveys are issued monthly, quarterly, or at other regular intervals, depending on the need for current data. (See Annual Reviews below.) Annual Reviews-Yearly Mineral Industry Surveys covering the individual commodities, states, and countries appearing in the Minerals Yearbook. Mineral Perspectives-Reports that present timely data on mineral developments in foreign geographic areas. WHERE TO OBTAIN PUBLICATIONS • Mineral Industry Surveys can be obtained free of charge by calling (412) 892-4412. • Special studies such as Mineral Commodity Summaries and Mineral Perspectives are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 3 THE ROLE OF NONFUEL MINERALS IN THE U.S. ECONOMY (ESTIMATED VALUES IN 1996) PROCESSED MATERIALS DOMESTIC MINERAL OF MINERAL ORIGIN: RAW MATERIALS: MINERAL U.S. NATURAL EXTRACTIVE . RESOURCES: INDUSTRIES: IRON ORE. PROCESSING STEEL, ALUMINUM, U.S. ECONOMY: 1-----...iCOPPER ORE, SAND, INDUSTRIES: COPPER, OTHER METALS, -------1111,,4 GROSS DOMESTIC ROCKS, MINERALS, INCLUDING GRAVEL, STONE, ETC . ...,._____ ....iBRICK, GLASS, CEMENT, PRODUCT WATER A ET INCLUDING INORGANIC CHEMICALS, $7,530 BILLION • IR, C. MINING, SMELTING, FERTILIZERS, ETC. ~-----· QUARRYING, VALUE: REFINING ETC. $38 BILLION VALUE: $391 BILLION \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ I \ __ \._ --, r--- _t _ DOMESTIC RECLAIMED I RECLAIMING l U.S. SCRAP AND METALS AND MINERAL : AND : WASTE MATERIALS: MATERIALS: I RECYCLING I : INDUSTRIES: : IRON AND STEEL, SCRAP IRON, ALUMINUM, ~ -- • - • - • .i ALUMINUM, GLASS, ETC, : SCRAP : COPPER, BRASS, 1 BRONZE, LEAD, ! DEALERS, ' VALUE OF OLD SCRAP: ETC. : ZINC, GLASS : $14 BILLION ' 1 EXPORTS FROM U.S. IMPORTS INTO U.S. IMPORTS INTO U.S. OF OF MINERAL RAW PROCESSED OF MINERAL RAW FOREIGN MATERIALS AND MATERIALS: MATERIALS OF MINERAL MINERAL ORIGIN: PROCESSED