THE ARAB LEAGUE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY The Arab Center for the Studies Federal Institute for Geosciences of Arid Zones and Dry Lands and Natural Resources ACSAD BGR Damascus, Syria Hannover, Germany www.acsad.org www.bgr.bund.de TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT - NO.: 2004.2032.3 PHASE III: 01.04.2004 – 31.07.2008 Management, Protection and Sustainable Use of Groundwater and Soil Resources in the Arab Region www.acsad-bgr.org Development and Application of a Decision Support System (DSS) for Water Resources Management in Zabadani Basin, SYRIA and Berrechid Basin, MOROCCO By Droubi, A., Al-Sibai, M. & Abdallah, A. (ACSAD) Wolfer, J., Huber, M. & Hennings, V. (BGR) El Hajji, K. & Dechiech, M. (ABHBC) Damascus July 2008 I CONTENT 1 ABSTRACT......................................................................................................... 1 2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 2 3 DSS-CONCEPT .................................................................................................. 2 3.1 WEAP21....................................................................................................... 3 3.2 MODFLOW................................................................................................... 4 3.3 Dynamic link between MODFLOW and WEAP ............................................ 4 3.3.1 Creating the link-file .............................................................................. 4 3.3.2 Setting up the dynamic link ................................................................... 5 4 PILOT AREA I, ZABADANI BASIN, SYRIA....................................................... 7 4.1 Background .................................................................................................. 7 4.2 Hydrogeology and Hydrology ....................................................................... 9 4.2.1 Hydrogeology........................................................................................ 9 4.2.1.1 Hydrostratigraphy......................................................................... 14 4.2.1.2 Hydrogeologic Blocks................................................................... 16 4.2.1.3 Transmissivity Zones ................................................................... 18 4.2.1.4 River – Groundwater – Interaction ............................................... 20 4.2.1.5 Initial Groundwater levels............................................................. 23 4.2.2 Hydrology............................................................................................ 23 4.2.3 Climate................................................................................................ 25 4.2.4 Basin Boundary................................................................................... 26 4.3 Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) ..................................................... 26 4.3.1 Conceptual Model ............................................................................... 26 4.3.2 Input Data............................................................................................ 28 4.3.3 Numeric Model.................................................................................... 31 4.3.4 Results ................................................................................................ 32 4.4 WEAP Model.............................................................................................. 36 4.4.1 Sub-catchments .................................................................................. 36 4.4.2 Land Use Classes............................................................................... 38 4.4.3 Demand Sites...................................................................................... 40 4.4.4 Demand – Supply linkage ................................................................... 41 4.4.5 WEAP – Algorithm .............................................................................. 42 4.4.6 Input Data............................................................................................ 44 4.4.6.1 Precipitation ................................................................................. 44 4.4.6.2 Temperature ................................................................................ 44 4.4.6.3 Humidity and Wind speed ............................................................ 45 4.4.6.4 Land Use...................................................................................... 45 4.4.6.5 River cross section/ Flow-Stage-Width relationship ..................... 45 4.4.6.6 Extra Recharge ............................................................................ 46 4.4.7 Linkage to MODFLOW model ............................................................. 46 4.4.8 Calibration........................................................................................... 47 4.4.8.1 Empiric Approach......................................................................... 47 4.4.8.2 Spring Discharge Approach ......................................................... 49 4.4.8.3 Lysimeter Approach ..................................................................... 49 4.4.8.4 Regional Studies.......................................................................... 49 4.4.8.5 Soil Water Models (SWAP & CROPWAT) ................................... 50 II 4.4.8.6 Calibration and parameter fitting of the "Soil Moisture Method" within the WEAP model ................................................................................. 53 4.4.9 Results ................................................................................................ 57 4.4.10 Scenarios ............................................................................................ 59 4.4.11 Scenario Results................................................................................. 62 4.4.12 DSS – Impact and Application in Institutional Planning....................... 68 5 PILOT AREA II: BERRECHID BASIN, MOROCCO ......................................... 69 5.1 Background ................................................................................................ 69 5.2 Hydrogeology and Hydrology ..................................................................... 69 5.2.1 Hydrogeology...................................................................................... 69 5.2.2 Hydrology............................................................................................ 74 5.2.3 Climate................................................................................................ 75 5.2.4 Basin Boundary................................................................................... 75 5.3 Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) ..................................................... 76 5.3.1 Conceptual Model ............................................................................... 76 5.3.2 Input Data............................................................................................ 77 5.3.2.1 Groundwater recharge from precipitation..................................... 77 5.3.2.2 Groundwater recharge from wadi runoff infiltration ...................... 79 5.3.2.3 Lateral groundwater in- and outflows ........................................... 79 5.3.2.4 Domestic and irrigation water abstraction .................................... 79 5.3.3 Numeric Model.................................................................................... 83 5.3.4 Results ................................................................................................ 83 5.4 WEAP Model.............................................................................................. 88 5.4.1 Sub-catchments .................................................................................. 88 5.4.2 Land Use Classes............................................................................... 90 5.4.3 Demand Sites...................................................................................... 93 5.4.4 Demand – Supply linkage ................................................................... 93 5.4.5 WEAP – Algorithm .............................................................................. 94 5.4.6 Input Data............................................................................................ 96 5.4.7 Linkage to MODFLOW model ............................................................. 97 5.4.8 Calibration........................................................................................... 97 5.4.9 Results .............................................................................................. 101 5.4.10 Scenarios .......................................................................................... 103 5.4.11 Scenario Results............................................................................... 105 5.4.12 DSS – Impact and Application in Institutional Planning..................... 106 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................... 107 III LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Creating the link-shape-file within WEAP................................................. 5 Figure 3-2: The link setup window inside WEAP ........................................................ 6 Figure 3-3: MODFLOW-linkage report in WEAP. ....................................................... 6 Figure 4-1: Location of the Zabadani Basin................................................................ 8 Figure 4-2: Geologic Cross