Consultative Draft, V5-1 June, 2017 A GOOS Project Contributing Authors & Affiliations This report was drafted in 2012 and was used as a vehicle to develop, for community consideration, a Physical/Climate statement of requirements and an Gregory C. Johnson, NOAA initial strategy for sustained global Patrick Heimbach, MIT deep ocean observations. Bernadette Sloyan, CSIRO Version 5-1 of the DOOS Consultative Draft was modified to reflect comments provided during the 2016 Carbon/Biogeochemistry community review. Toste Tanhua, GEOMAR In June 2017 this Consult Draft was provided online in its ”final” form to Rik WanninkhoF, NOAA be used as a foundational document for the drafting of the “DOOS Science and Implementation Guide”. This Biodiversity/Ecosystems Guide will be drafted for initial Antje Boetius, AlFred-Wegener Institute review and comment in early 2018. Lisa A. Levin, Scripps This Report is posted at: http://www.deepoceanobserving.org Myriam Sibuet, Institut Océanographique de Paris NOTE TO READERS: DOOS CONSULTATIVE DRAFT V5-1 Earlier versions of this report were used to support the 2016 DOOS Workshop conducted in December 2016 at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego, California USA. Leading up to this Workshop the report went under extensive review by the deep-ocean observing community. A large portion of these comments are adjudicated and incorporated into this version (V5-1) of the DOOS Consultative Draft. However, there were some major issues identified, during the community review process that would have required an extensive reorganization or rewriting of this Report. Many of these comments were used to guide the formation of the Workshop agenda. The 2016 DOOS Workshop Report, agenda, and participant list can be found at the following URL: http://www.deepoceanobserving.org/reports/dec-2016-workshop-report/ Generally, the comments not fully incorporated into is version of the Report can be categorized into the following themes: • There is a need to refine what is meant by ‘deep’ as the requirements for measurement depths will vary by discipline and require thoughtful consideration. • The deep-ocean community needs to create a data plan and supporting information technology strategy that will support user needs. • As the GOOS EOVs and Panels have been developed and/or matured since the writing of the Consultative Draft Report the DOOS EOVs need to be articulated in this context (and the supporting graphics modified). • DOOS EOVs for all disciplines require a further review and community agreement. This need is greatest in the Biology and Ecosystem discipline. • There is a need for greater understanding of solid-Earth or the geological context that drives deep-ocean systems. • There is a critical need for international cooperation among programs, agencies, and countries. • The technology development section could be improved by a discussion of Technology Readiness Levels by discipline. • The Report content should be organized such that it assists funders and resource managers in supporting DOOS activities and initiatives. • A more robust representation of deep-ocean observing activities across the globe will assist with gap analysis and prioritization. Section Five, Strategic Roadmap: DOOS Development and Implementation of this Report provides a brief overview of how the 2016 Workshop was used to guide the formation of the Project Steering Committee and Task Teams as well as the Terms of Reference. It is through the ToR and Project structure that the remaining themes and concerns not directly (or thoroughly) addressed in this Report will be addressed by DOOS activities and engagement. Most specifically, in the spring of 2018 the DOOS Project will provide for initial comment and review a DOOS Science and Implementation Guide. This Consultative Draft Report, and the community review comments, will be used as a foundational material for the drafting of the Guide. 1 Page CONSULTATIVE DRAFT V5-1: Deep Ocean Observing Strategy, June 2017 Table of Contents Objective ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Why Deep Ocean Observing? ............................................................................................................. 1 Climate Change ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Growing Human Presence ..................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology and Structure of Report ................................................................................................ 5 PART ONE: Societal Rationale and Science Challenges ........................................................................ 8 The Role of Models ............................................................................................................................ 8 Climate and Physical Observations ..................................................................................................... 9 High-Level Mandates ............................................................................................................................. 9 Science Challenges ............................................................................................................................... 10 Carbon and Biogeochemistry Observations ...................................................................................... 12 High Level Mandates ........................................................................................................................... 12 Science Challenges ............................................................................................................................... 13 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Observations ........................................................................................ 15 High Level Mandates ........................................................................................................................... 15 Science Challenges ............................................................................................................................... 16 PART TWO: Proposed Essential Ovean Variables for the Deep Ocean ............................................... 18 Climate and Physical EOVs ............................................................................................................... 19 Mature Phase ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Pilot Phase ........................................................................................................................................... 20 Concept Phase ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Carbon and Biogeochemistry EOVs .................................................................................................. 21 Mature Phase ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Biodiversity and Ecosystem EOVs ..................................................................................................... 22 Mature Phase ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Pilot Phase ........................................................................................................................................... 22 Concept Phase ..................................................................................................................................... 23 PART THREE: Technology and Platform Deployment and Maintenance ............................................ 25 Programs, Platforms, Networks ........................................................................................................ 26 Mature ................................................................................................................................................. 26 Concept ................................................................................................................................................ 28 Sensors, Processes and Techniques .................................................................................................. 28 Physical and Climate Observations ...................................................................................................... 29 Carbon and Biogeochemistry Observations ........................................................................................ 30 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Observations ........................................................................................... 31 PART FOUR: Data and Information Systems ..................................................................................... 32 PART FIVE: Strategic Roadmap, DOOS Development and Implementation ....................................... 35 References .................................................................................................................................... 37 Appendix A: Authors and Contributors ............................................................................................. 47 Appendix B: Report Methodology 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