Atmospheric Environment 72 (2013) 105e112 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Atmospheric Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung NO radical, OH radical and O -initiated« PETRA – Wunder in der Wüste. secondary Auf den Spuren aerosol formation 3 3 von J. L. Burckhardt alias Scheich Ibrahim» Faculty from aliphatic amines Xiaochen Tang a,b, Derek Price a,b, Eric Praske c, Su Anne Lee c, Morgan A. Shattuck c, c d,e a,b Reporta,b, of Kathleen Purvis-Roberts , Philip J. Silva , Akua Asa-Awuku , David R. Cocker III * a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA b Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Riverside, CA 92507, USA c W.M. Keck Science Department of Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, 925 N. Mills Ave., Claremont, CA 91711, USA d USDA-ARS, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104, USA Excellence e Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 0300 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA ac 03|Vlm su | 3 e59496 | 8 Issue | Volume 2013 March highlights 2012–13 1 oad ernldfeetain eetsuishv implicated have studies Recent differentiation. neuronal towards nso ee,adtranscriptional and genes, of ends 39e a bevd n h Sclsdslydatendency a displayed cells ES the and observed, was H3K9me3 H1rmdlr nices ntehtrcrmtcmark heterochromatic the in increase an remodeler, CHD1 < We study the forming potential and composition of secondary aerosol from three aliphatic amines the in Without [25]. cells the (iPS) stem pluripotent environmental induced of formation chamber. seta o mroi tm(S elpuioec n the and pluripotency cell (ES) stem embryonic for essential tde aefudthat found have studies a enipiae nmlil ilgclpoess nmc tis it mice In processes. biological multiple in implicated been has H1i hoai eoee fpriua neeti htit that in interest particular of remodeler chromatin a is CHD1 nvitro In < OH photooxidation and ozonolysis of the three amines lead to less amount of aerosol than reactions [24]. bodies gene with over positioning nitratenucleosomal radicals. bt CHD (both h bec fCd 2,3,adCd sciia o genome-wide for critical is Chd1 and [22,23], Chd1 of absence the rncito ntainfo rpi rmtr cusi es in yeast in occurs promoters cryptic from initiation transcription oteeogtn omPol form elongating the ) to dMi-2 o h1i anann hoai tutr tatv genes, active at structure chromatin maintaining in Chd1 for < ser5 Negligible effect of water vapor has been observed on the aerosol yield of amine OH photooxidation. role a with Consistent [21]. absence its in occur to fails termination and o hoai tutr tte3 the at structure chromatin for 9 rmtradfrtasrpinlatvto ftegn [18]. gene the of activation transcriptional for and promoter chd1 oyeaeI nfisadyat[,92] es h1i essential is Chd1 Yeast [8,19,20]. yeast and flies in II Polymerase aSISFsubfamily SWI/SNF (a < e RNA elongating and factors elongation with co-localizes CHD1 Presence of water vapor impacts on salt formation in the nitrate radical amine reactions. PHO5 brm dniida atrrqie o eoeigtenucleosomal the remodeling for required a factor as identified ope hog neatoswt eitr[7.YatCd was Chd1 Yeast [17]. Mediator with interactions through complex ua H1ascae ihtepeiiito transcription pre-initiation the with associates CHD1 human < Acid-base reaction is a major pathway in reactions between nitrate radical and butylamine/diethylamine.[8]. rmiiito otriain[16]. termination to initiation from H1i rtclpoeni eea rncitoa processes transcriptional several in protein critical a is CHD1 ser2 aCDsbaiymme)wr dniidas identified were member) subfamily CHD (a IIo LSOE| www.plosone.org ONE PLOS kis laac omo o I(o IIo (Pol II Pol of form clearance 7,wieKSi eddfrtetasto rmtepromoter the from transition the for needed is KIS while [7], ol hrceiete stihrxgopgns[41] The [14,15]. genes group trithorax as them characterize would R sncsayfrtebnigo h ntaigfr fPlII Pol of form initiating the of binding the for necessary is BRM ubro hoai eoeigfcosare factors remodeling chromatin of number , a tissue ufml ebr)hv o ipae uatpeoye that phenotypes mutant displayed not have members) subfamily hoai eoeesfcltt ifrn tgso transcription. of stages different facilitate remodelers chromatin rtoa ru ee 1–3,while [11–13], genes group trithorax ebr and member) Drosophila oan n M- 71] Both [7–10]. dMi-2 and domain) Drosophila H1(hoooan,hlcs/Taedmi,DAbinding DNA domain, helicase/ATPase (chromodomains, CHD1 oaie oatv ee,icuigBam BM,Kse (KIS), Kismet (BRM), Brahma including genes, active to localized 56.In [5,6]. article info abstract remodeling chromatin in implicated been has which of subset a no2 ufmle otnnmdatrterfudn members), founding their after named (often subfamilies 24 into oeesaemmeso h N2fml,wihcnb divided be can which family, SNF2 the of members are modelers hntp.Itrsigy hne in changes Interestingly, phenotype. nrpigncesms[,] T-eedn hoai re- chromatin ATP-dependent [3,4]. nucleosomes unwrapping H1CrmtnRmdln atrMdltsGoa Chromosome Global Modulates Factor Remodeling Chromatin CHD1 hc r novdi sebig eoiinn,eitn,and evicting, repositioning, assembling, in involved are which ac 2 2013 22, March eius n T-eedn hoai eoeigfactors, remodeling chromatin ATP-dependent and residues; nvivo in ctlt,mtyae hshrlt n bqiyaespecific ubiquitylate and phosphorylate methylate, acetylate, rtn hs hne nld itn oiyn nye that enzymes modifying histone include changes these trating Article history: orches- for responsible Proteins processes. other and replication Aliphatic amines enter the atmosphere from aPublished variety of sources, and exist in both gas and particle yai hne uiggn xrsin N ear DNA repair, DNA expression, gene during changes dynamic aemtes h ttso hoai sntsai,undergoing static, not is chromatin of status the matters, cate ave eosre htcrmsm structure chromosome that observed We larvae. rspiamelanogaster Drosophila i-cigsqecs n oaecmesto 12.T compli- To [1,2]. compensation dosage and sequences, cis-acting Received 12 September 2012 phases in the atmosphere. Similar to ammonia, amines can activity, form gene to relative chromatin of inorganic status the describe that 30) to salts through acidebase re- utr el aeietfe ubro hoai tts(rm5 (from states chromatin of number a identified have cells culture eray1,2013; 14, February hoai rtisadhsoemdfctosin modifications histone and proteins chromatin h uhr aedcae htn optn neet exist. interests competing no that declared have authors The rtist omcrmtn eoewd oaiainsuisof studies localization Genome-wide chromatin. form to proteins Received in revised form actions. However, the atmospheric behavior of amines withatmospheric other and histones with is assembled DNA eukaryotes, In oxidants (e.g. the nitrate radical * Accepted 5 February 2013 Introduction rspiamelanogaster Drosophila -al [email protected] E-mail: * hswr a upre yteNtoa cec onain(C 992) ..akolde upr rmteNtoa cec onain(DMS Foundation Science National the from support acknowledges L.A. 0949024). (MCB Foundation Science National the by supported was work This (NO ), the hydroxyl radical (OH), O ) is still permits which License, poorly Attribution Commons Creative the of terms the under understood. distributed article open-access an is This al. et Bugga 2013 In this study, chamber experiments were 3 3 Interests: Competing ß Accepted 11 February 2013 manuscript. the of preparation or publish, to decision analysis, and collection data design, study in role no had funders The 0634592). Funding: etme 5 2012; 25, September conducted to explore the reaction between three credited. are source and author aliphatic original the provided medium, any in reproduction and amines distribution, use, unrestricted and HNO /O /NO /OH. Effects of water Copyright: abr enns nvriyCleeLno,Uie Kingdom United London, College University Jennings, Barbara 3 3 3 Received ug ,MDne E ni ,AmtogJ 21)The (2013) JA Armstrong L, Engie IE, McDaniel L, Bugga Editor: vapor were also explored by conducting experiments doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059496 e59496. 8(3): ONE PLoS H3K9me2. and HP1a Counteracts and underStructure different relative humidity conditions H1Chromatin CHD1 Citation: Keywords: H3K9. of methylation in changes through perhaps HP1a, of levels oyeaeI.Tu,wieCD slclzdt rncitoal ciergoso h eoe tcnfnto oatrthe alter to function can it genome, the of regions active transcriptionally to localized is CHD1 while Thus, II. Polymerase (RH<0.1% to w40%). Results show RNA that elongating or H3K4me3 mark all euchromatin three the of levels the in changes with amines correlate not did levels protein CHD1 have a high potential to form secondary aerosol hoooa eet,sgetn htteAPs ciiyi eurdfrthis for required is activity ATPase the that suggesting defects, chromosomal Secondary aerosol severe in result not did CHD1 of form inactive ATPase an of Over-expression HP1a. of levels in a decrease caused ntehtrcrmtnpoenH1,wieoe-xrsino H1dsutdhge re hoai tutr and structure chromatin order higher disrupted CHD1 of over-expression while HP1a, protein heterochromatin the in in reactions with NO3, and are increase an and structure affected chromosome of alterations in resulted by CHD1 of Loss the remodeler. this of amount presence the to sensitive is of water vapor. DEA and BA are capable of Amine instar third of glands salivary from chromosomes ifrnitdcls eeaie h osqecso oso H1adoe-xrsino H1o polytene on CHD1 of over-expression and CHD1 of loss of consequences the examined