References Achiba, Machiko. 2003. Learning to request in a second language: A study of child interlanguage pragmatics. Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto, Sydney: Multilingual Matters. Aijmer, Karin, and Christoph Rühlemann. 2015. Corpus pragmatics: A handbook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Alcón-Soler, Eva. 2015. Pragmatic learning and study abroad: Effects of instruction and length of stay. System 48: 62–74. Allen, Heather. 2010. Interactive contact as linguistic affordance during short-term study abroad: Myth or reality? Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 19: 1–26. Austin, John. 1962. How to do things with words. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Bacelar da Silva, Antonio José. 2003. The effects of instruction on pragmatic development: Teaching polite refusals in English. Second Language Studies 22 (1): 55–106. Bachman, Lyle F. 1990. Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen. 1996. Pragmatics and language teaching: Bringing pragmatics and pedagogy together. In Pragmatics and language learning (Monograph series volume 7), ed. Lawrence F. Bouton, 21–39. USA: University of Illinois. Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen. 2001. Evaluating the empirical evidence: Grounds for instruction in pragmatics? In Pragmatics in language teaching, ed. Kenneth R. Rose, and Gabriele Kasper, 13–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen. 2012a. Variation in the pragmatic use of conventional expressions. In Pragmatic variation in first and second language contexts, ed. J. César Félix-Brasdefer, and Dale April Koike, 141–173. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen. 2012b. Pragmatics in second language acquisition. In The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition, ed. Susan M. Gass, and Mackey Alison, Chapter 9. London and New York: Routledge. Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen. 2015. Operationalizing conversation in studies of instructional effect in L2 pragmatics. System 48: 21–34. Bardivi-Harlig, Kathleen, and M.T. Bastos. 2011. Proficiency, length of stay and intensity of interaction and the acquisition of conversational expressions in L2 pragmatics. Intercultural Pragmatics 8 (3): 347–384. Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen, and B. Hartford. 1993. Learning the rules of academic talk: A longitudinal study of pragmatic development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 15: 279–304. Barron, Anne. 2003. Acquisition in interlanguage pragmatics: Learning how to do things with words in a study abroad context. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Barron, Anne, and Emily Black. 2015. Constructing small talk in learner-native speaker voice-based telecollaboration: A focus on topic management and backchanneling. System 48: 112–128. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 95 C. Lee, Researching and Teaching Second Language Speech Acts in the Chinese Context, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8980-0 96 References Bataineh, Rula F., and Ruba F. Bataineh. 2008. A cross-cultural comparison of apologies by native speakers of American English and Jordanian Arabic. Journal of Pragmatics 40: 792–821. Beebe, Leslie M., and Martha C. Cummings. 1996. Natural speech act data versus written questionnaire data: how data collection method affects speech act performance. In Speech acts across cultures: Challenges to communication in a second language, ed. Susan Gass, and Joyce Neu, 65–86. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Beebe, Leslie. M., T. Takahashi, and Robin Uliss-Weltz. 1990. Pragmatic transfer in ESL refusals. In Developing communicative competence in a second language, ed. Robin C. Scarcella, Elaine S. Andersen, and Stephen D. Krashen, 55–73. Boston: Heinle and Heinle Publishers. Bialystok, Ellen. 1993. Symbolic representation and attentional control in pragmatic competence. In Interlanguage pragmatics, ed. Gabriele Kasper, and Shoshana Blum-Kulka, 43–57. New York: Oxford University Press. Biesenbach-Lucas, Sigrun. 2006. Making requests in E-mail: Do cyber-consultation entail directness? Toward conventions in a new medium. In Pragmatics and language learning, vol. 11, ed. Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig, César Félix-Brasdefer, and Alwiya S. Omar, 81–108. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. Bilbow, Grahame. 1995. Requesting strategies in the cross-cultural business meeting. Pragmatics 5 (1): 45–55. Bilbow, Grahame. 1997. Cross-cultural impression management in the multicultural workplace: The special case of Hong Kong. Journal of Pragmatics 28 (4): 461–487. Bilbow, Grahame. 2002. Commissive speech act use in intercultural business meetings. IRAL 40: 287–303. Blum-Kulka, Shoshanna. 1982. Learning to say what you mean in a second language: A study of the speech act performance of Hebrew second language learners. Applied Linguistics 3: 29–59. Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, and Elite Olshtain. 1986. Too many words: Length of utterances and pragmatic failure. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 8 (2): 165–179. Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, Juliane House, and Gabriele Kasper (eds.). 1989. Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Bond, Michael H. 1991. Beyond the Chinese face: Insights from psychology. Hong Kong, New York: Oxford University Press Bond, Michael H., and Kwang-kuo Hwang. 1986. The social psychology of Chinese people. In The psychology of the Chinese people, ed. Michael H. Bond, 213–266. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bouton, Lawrence F. 1992. The interpretation of implicatures in English by NNS: Does it come automatically—without being explicitly taught? In Pragmatics and language, vol. 3, ed. Lawrence Bouton, and Y. Kachru, 53–65. Urbana Ill: Division of English as an International Language, Intensive English Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Bouton, Lawrence F. 1994. Conversational implicature in a second language: Learned slowly when not deliberately taught. Journal of Pragmatics 24: 157–167. Bouton, Lawrence F. 1999. Developing nonnative speaker skills in interpreting conversational implicatures in English: Explicit teaching can ease the process. In Culture in second language teaching and learning, ed. Eli. Hinkel, 47–70. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Boxer, Diana, and Lucy Pickering. 1995. Problems in the presentation of speech acts in ELT materials: The case of complaints. ELT Journal 49 (1): 44–58. Breuer, Anja, and Ronald Geluykens. 2007. Variation in British and American English requests: A contrastive analysis. In Cross-cultural pragmatics and interlanguage English, ed. Bettina Kraft, and Ronald Geluykens, 107–126. Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH. Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bucciarell, Monica, Livia Colle, and Bruno G. Bara. 2003. How children comprehend speech acts and communicative gestures. Journal of Pragmatics 35: 207–241. Byon, Andrew S. 2006. Developing KFL students’ pragmatic awareness of Korean speech acts: The use of discourse completion tasks. Language Awareness 15 (4): 244–263. References 97 Byrnes, James P. and Barbara A. Wasik. 2009. Language and literary Development: What Educators Need to Know. New York, London: The Guildford Press. Canale, Michael. 1983. From communicative competence to language pedagogy. In Language and communication, ed. Jack Richards and Richard Schmidt, 2–27. London: Longman. Canale, Michael and Merrill Swain. 1980. Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics 1(1): 1–47. Carrell, Patricia L. 1979. Indirect speech acts in ESL: Indirect answers. In On TESOL ’79: The learner in focus, ed. Carlos A. Yorio, Kyle Perkins, and Jacquelyn Schachter, 297–307. Washington, DC: TESOL. Chang, Hueimei. 2001. Complaints in Chinese: The Case of Elementary School, Junior High School, Senior High School and College Students. Unpublished MA thesis. Taiwan: National Tsing Hua University. Chang, Yuh-fang. 2009. How to say no: An analysis of cross-cultural difference and pragmatic transfer. Language Sciences 31: 477–493. Chang, Yuh-fang. 2010. “I no say you say is boring”: The development of pragmatic competence in L2 apology. Language Sciences 32: 408–424. Chang, Yuh Fang. 2011. Refusing in a foreign language: An investigation of problems encountered by Chinese learners of English. Multilingual 30: 71–98. Chang, Wei-Lin Melody, and Michael Haugh. 2011. Evaluation of im/politeness of an intercultural apology. Intercultural Pragmatics 8 (3): 411–442. Chang, Yu-ying, and Yi-ping Hsu. 1998. Requests on e-mail: A cross-cultural comparison. RELC Journal 29 (2): 121–151. Chen, Rong. 2001. Self-politeness: A proposal. Journal of Pragmatics 33 (1): 87–106. Chen, Rong. 1993. Responding to compliments: A contrastive study of politeness strategies between American English and Chinese speakers. Journal of Pragmatics 20: 49–75. Chen, Rong, and D. Yang. 2010. Responding to compliments in Chinese: Has it changed? Journal of Pragmatics 42: 1951–1963. Chen, Xing, Lei Ye, and Yanyin Zhang. 1995. Refusing in Chinese. In Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language, ed. Gabriele Kasper, 119–164. Honolulu: University of Hawii at Manoa, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center. Chen, Yuan-shan, Chen Chun-yin Doris, and Miao-Hsia Chang. 2011. American and Chinese complaints: Strategy use from a cross-cultural perspective. Intercultural Pragmatics 8 (2): 253–275. Cheng, Dongmei. 2011. New insights on compliment responses: A comparison between native English speakers and Chinese L2 speakers. Journal of Pragmatics