Research Article / Araştırma Makalesi ! Spor Hekimliği Dergisi 52(4): 116-126, 2017 Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine DOI: 10.5152/Tjsm.2017.078

Research Article / Araştırma Makalesi ! Spor Hekimliği Dergisi 52(4): 116-126, 2017 Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine DOI: 10.5152/Tjsm.2017.078

Research Article / Araştırma Makalesi ! Spor Hekimliği Dergisi 52(4): 116-126, 2017 Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine DOI: 10.5152/tjsm.2017.078 Is#There#a#Difference#in#Muscle#EMG#Activity#and#Morphology#Between# Black#and#White#People?# Beyaz&ve&Siyah&Irk&Arasında&Kas&EMG&Aktivite&Özellikleri&ve&Morfolojisi& Açısından&Fark&Var&mıdır?& Ufuk%Şekir,%Güfat%Arslan,%Osman%İlhan% Uludağ'University'Faculty'of'Medicine,'Department'of'Sports'Medicine,'Bursa,'Turkey' ' % ABSTRACT % Objective: To measure differences in reaction time and morphology of the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles between black and white people. % Materials and Methods: Twenty-five healthy recreational male athletes (12 black, 13 % white) were enrolled in this study. Electromyographic activity parameters (reaction time, reaction duration and reaction magnitude) of the muscles were measured using an % ankle supination tilting platform. There were four different supination conditions: (a) ankle neutral, 15° inversion (0015), (b) ankle neutral, 30° inversion (0030), (c) ankle 20° % plantarflexion, 15° inversion (2015), and (d) ankle 20° plantarflexion, 30° inversion % (2030). Morphology (pennation angle, fascicle length and muscle thickness) was evaluated by means of ultrasonographic measurements. % Results: Only the reaction duration of the tibialis anterior muscle in the 0015 (p=0.030) % and 0030 (p=0.039) positions and the reaction magnitude of the peroneus longus (p=0.046) and tibialis anterior (p=0.003) muscles in the 0015 condition were significantly U.%Şekir%% higher in white subjects. These parameters were not significantly different in 2015 and 2030 0000900039273598697% supination conditions (p˃0.05). Neither peroneal nor tibial muscle latency were G.%Arslan%% significantly different between ethnicities in any of the four supination conditions 0000900019795699539% (p˃0.05). Similarly, besides the different fascicle length values of the tibialis anterior muscle in the contracted condition (p=0.011), all other muscle morphological features O.%İlhan%% (muscle thickness and pennation angle) of peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscle 0000900029826896717% were similar among the ethnicities (p˃0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study did not reveal differences in electromyographic Geliş&Tarihi&/&Date&Received:% activity or muscle morphology of the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles 27.07.2017% between black and white people. Kabul&Tarihi&/&Date&Accepted:% Key Words: Ethnic differences, muscle fascicle length, muscle pennation angle, peroneal 28.09.2017% reaction time, tibial reaction time Yayın&Tarihi&/&Date&Published:% 29.11.2017% ÖZ Yazışma&Adresi&/& Amaç: Siyah ve beyaz ırk arasında peroneus longus ve tibialis anterior kaslarındaki Corresponding&Author:## reaksiyon zamanı ve morfolojisindeki farklılıkları araştırmak. Ufuk%Şekir% Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya sağlıklı ve rekreasyonel düzeyde spor yapan 25 erkek denek katıldı (12 siyah ve 13 beyaz). Elektromiyografik aktivite parametreleri Uludağ%Üniversitesi%Tıp% (reaksiyon zamanı, reaksiyon süresi ve reaksiyon büyüklüğü) ayak bileği burkulma Fakültesi,%Spor%Hekimliği% platformu yardımı ile ölçüldü. Dört farklı burkulma simülasyonu yapıldı: (a) ayak bileği Anabilim%Dalı,%Bursa,%Turkey.# nötralde, 15° inversiyon (0015), (b) ayak bileği nötralde, 30° inversiyon (0030), (c) ayak EPmail:'[email protected]& bileği 20° plantar fleksiyonda, 15° inversiyon (2015), ve (d) ayak bileği 20° plantar fleksiyonda, 30° inversiyon (2030). Kas morfolojisi (pennasyon açısı, fasikül uzunluğu, ©2017'Türkiye'Spor'Hekimleri' kas kalınlığı) ultrasonografik ölçümler ile değerlendirildi. Derneği.'Tüm'hakları'saklıdır.% ! Turk%J%Sports%Med% % Muscle'Reaction'Properties’'Racial'Differences% Bulgular: Sadece 0015 (p=0.030) ve 0030 (p=0.039) durumlarında tibialis anterior kasındaki reaksiyon süresi ve 0015 durumunda peroneus longus (p=0.046) ve tibialis anterior (p=0.003) kasındaki reaksiyon büyüklüğü beyaz ırkta anlamlı olarak daha fazla idi. Bu parametreler 2015 ve 2030 durumlarında anlamlı olarak farklı değildi (p˃0.05). Bunun yanı sıra, dört burkulma durumunda da peroneal ve tibial kas reaksiyon süresi ırklar arasında farklı değildi (p˃0.05). Benzer şekilde, maksimal kasılı durumdayken tibialis anterior kasındaki fasikül uzunluğu farklılığı dışında (p=0.011), peroneus longus ve tibialis anterior kaslarına ait tüm diğer kas morfolojisi özellikleri (kas kalınlığı ve pennasyon açısı) ırklar arasında benzerdi (p˃0.05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, genel olarak peroneus longus ve tibialis anterior kaslarında yapılan elektromiyografik aktivite ve kas morfolojisi değerlendirmeleri bakımından siyah ve beyaz ırklar arasında bir farklılığın olmadığına işaret etmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Irksal farklılık, kas fasikül uzunluğu, kas pennasyon açısı, peroneal reaksiyon zamanı, tibial reaksiyon zamanı Available at: http://journalofsportsmedicine.org and http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjsm.2017.078 Cite this article as: Sekir U, Arslan G, Ilhan O. Is there a difference in muscle EMG activity and morphology between black and white people? Turk J Sports Med. 2017;52:116-26. INTRODUCTION) persons' as' well' (18).' In' addition' to' these' epidemiological'data'about'ankle'sprains,'there' Ankle' injuries' are' one' of' the' most' common' are' no' known' reports' of' differences' in' ankle' injuries' in' competitive' sports' and' recreational' sprain'risk'factors'by'ethnicity'or'race.'' activities.' More' than' 70%' of' ankle' injuries' in' many' sports' are' ankle' sprains' (1,2).' Inversion' There' are' studies' in' the' literature' revealing' sprains'account'for'approximately'85%'of'ankle' variations'in'body'composition'and'muscle'mass' sprains' (1,2).' Possible' contributing' factors' for' between' black' and' white' people.' It' was' ankle'sprains'are)impaired'proprioception'(3,4),) previously' shown' that' body' composition' and' postural' control' (5,6),' muscle' strength' (7,8),' muscle'mass'may'vary'between'black'and'white' and' prolonged' peroneal' reaction' time' (9O11).' people'(19O22).'Hanson'et'al.'(20)'found'a'larger' When' the' ankle' is' suddenly' inverted,' the' psoas'major'muscle'size'in'black'males'than'in' peroneal' and' tibialis' anterior' muscles' create' a' white'males.'The'results'of'the'study'by'Ama'et' dynamic'defense'mechanism'to'protect'against'a' al.' (23)' indicated' a' higher' percentage' of' type' I' lateral' ankle' sprain.' The' temporal' latency' muscle'fiber'in'white'males'and'a'higher'rate'of' between'sudden'inversion'of'the'ankle'and'the' type' IIa' muscle' fiber' and' anaerobic' enzyme' first' reflexive' contraction' of' the' peroneal' or' activity'in'black'males.'There'is'also'evidence'of' tibialis'anterior'muscles'is'defined'as'the'reaction' ethnic' differences' in' cardiorespiratory' fitness' time'of'the'peroneus'longus'or'tibialis'anterior' showing' superior' sprint' or' anaerobic' capacity' muscle.' Many' studies' have' shown' prolonged' performances' in' black' adults' (24,25).' On' the' muscle'reaction'time'in'subjects'with'recurrent' other'hand,'Abe'et'al.'(26)'found'greater'muscle' ankle'sprains'(9O13).'On'the'other'hand,'it'was' thickness' of' the' biceps' brachii,' abdominal' and' stated'that'a'longer'peroneal'reaction'time'may' upper'portion'of'the'quadriceps'and'hamstring' increase'the'risk'of'both'primary'and'recurrent' muscles' in' blacks' compared' with' whites,' ankle'inversion'sprains'(14).) whereas' fascicle' length' and' pennation' angle' of' Ankle' sprain' injuries' have' a' peak' incidence' the'vastus'lateralis,'long'head'of'the'triceps'and' between'15'and'19'years'of'age'(15).'According' gastrocnemius' medialis' muscles' were' not' to'the'vast'majority'of'studies,'the'incidence'of' significantly'different'between'ethnicities.' inversion' sprains' is' not' significantly' different' Taking'into'account'the'fact'that'the'amount'of' between' female' and' male' genders' (15O17).' fast'twitch'skeletal'type'II'muscle'fibers'is'higher' Furthermore,' since' inversion' sprains' are' in' blacks,' we' hypothesized' that' the' reaction' to' frequently' sustained' during' sports' activities,' sudden' inversion' perturbation' in' the' peroneal' they'occur'mostly'in'persons'less'than'50'years' or' tibialis' anterior' muscles' would' also' be' of' age,' but' have' been' reported' in' elderly' different'in'blacks.'In'this'sense,'muscle'reaction' 117' Turk%J%Sports%Med% % Muscle'Reaction'Properties’'Racial'Differences' to' sudden' ankle' inversion' perturbation' may' were'all'performed'on'the'dominant'leg.'To'be' represent' differences' between' ethnicities.' This' consistent' with' previous' research' studies,' the' topic'has'not'been'investigated'before.'Therefore,' leg'that'the'participant'uses'to'naturally'kick'a' the' primary' aim' of' this' study' was' to' explore' ball' was' defined' as' the' dominant' leg' (6,27).' differences'in'peroneal'and'tibial'muscle'reaction' Afterwards,' the' subjects' read' and' signed' the' properties' (muscle' latency,' reaction' magnitude' informed'consent'form'about'the'test'procedures,' and'reaction'time),'which'is'one'of'the'risk'factors' and'any'possible'risks'and'discomfort'that'might' for'ankle'sprains.'The'secondary'aim'of'this'study' was'to'explore'the'differences'in'the'morphology' ensue' that' were' approved' by' the' University’s' of' the' peroneus' longus' and' tibialis' anterior' Institutional' Ethical' Board' for' Protection' of' muscles'between'black'and'white'people.' Human'Subjects'(Approval'number:'2015O7/13).' Experimental)Protocol)

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    11 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us