Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Institut für Sicherheits- und Risikowissenschaften (ISR) Department für Wasser-Atmosphäre-Umwelt SOURCE TERMS FOR POTENTIAL NPPS AT THE LUBIATOWO SITE, POLAND AUTHORS Steven Sholly Nikolaus Müllner Nikolaus Arnold Klaus Gufler PREPARED FOR: Greenpeace Germany 1 Vienna, January 2014 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Safety and Risk Sciences, Borkowskigasse 4, 1190 Wien, Austria URL: http://www.risk.boku.ac.at 2 CONTENT Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Scope of work ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Method .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Background........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Site ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Reactors designs ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 GE- Hitachi ABWR .................................................................................................................................................... 9 Westinghouse AP1000 ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Areva EPR ................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Source Terms .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Background on severe accident source terms for nuclear power plants ............................................ 13 Nuclide groups ............................................................................................................................................................ 14 Source Terms for the ABWR .................................................................................................................................. 15 Inventory ABWR .................................................................................................................................................... 15 Source term 1 for the ABWR ............................................................................................................................. 16 Source term 2 for the ABWR ............................................................................................................................. 16 Source Terms for the AP1000 ............................................................................................................................... 17 Inventory AP 1000 ................................................................................................................................................ 17 Source term 1 for the AP1000 .......................................................................................................................... 17 Source term 2 for the AP 1000 ......................................................................................................................... 17 Source Terms for the EPR ....................................................................................................................................... 19 Inventory EPR ......................................................................................................................................................... 20 EPR SOURCE TERMS ............................................................................................................................................ 20 Source term 1 for the EPR .................................................................................................................................. 20 Source term 2 for the EPR .................................................................................................................................. 21 Discussion of the results .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Uncertainties in accident frequency and source terms .............................................................................. 22 Limitations of the study ........................................................................................................................................... 23 References .......................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Annex 1: Inventories and Release Fractions ABWR ......................................................................................... 29 Annex 2: Inventories and Release Fractions AP1000 ...................................................................................... 31 Annex 3: Inventories and Release Fractions EPR .............................................................................................. 33 3 List of Tables Table 1: Nuclide groups ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Table 2: Release fractions Case 0 release category ABWR ............................................................................ 16 Table 3: Release fractions Case 13 release category ABWR .......................................................................... 16 Table 4: Release fractions IC release category AP 1000 ................................................................................. 17 Table 5: Release fractions BP release category AP1000 ................................................................................. 18 Table 6: Release fractions RC101 release category EPR ................................................................................. 21 Table 7: Release fractions RC802a release category EPR .............................................................................. 21 Table 8: Comparison selected Release Fractions (%) ...................................................................................... 22 Table 9: Event Release fractions ABWR ................................................................................................................ 29 Table 10: ESBWR Representative Core Inventory ............................................................................................ 30 Table 11: Source Release Fractions AP1000 ....................................................................................................... 31 Table 12: Core inventory AP1000 ............................................................................................................................ 32 Table 13: Release Fractions UK EPR ....................................................................................................................... 33 Table 14: US EPR core inventory .............................................................................................................................. 34 List of Figures FIGURE 1: SITE OF THE NPP ......................................................................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 2: ABWR PASSIVE SEVERE ACCIDENTS MITIGATION FEATURES (22) .................................... 9 FIGURE 3: ABWR REACTOR BUILDING AND CONTAINMENT ........................................................................ 9 FIGURE 4: CONCEPT FOR IN-VESSEL RETENTION OF CORE DEBRIS (IVR) .......................................... 11 FIGURE 5: AP1000 Passive containment cooling system ............................................................................... 11 FIGURE 6: EXEMPLARY EXTERIOR APPEARANCE FOR AN AP-1000 UNIT ........................................... 11 FIGURE 7: WATER LEVEL IN THE CORE CATCHER AFTER PASSIVE FLOODING ................................ 12 FIGURE 8: EXEMPLARY EPR EXTERIOR ................................................................................................................ 12 4 ABSTRACT The results show that “containment failure” sequences can lead to very large releases for each of the reactor designs. Their releases are In September 2013 a company (PGE) was several orders of magnitude above the releases established in order to construct the first of the “intact containment” sequences. nuclear power plant