Notwendigkeit Der Testung Von Biozidprodukten Und Deren Eluaten

Notwendigkeit Der Testung Von Biozidprodukten Und Deren Eluaten

Environmental Research of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety Project number: (FKZ) 3713 64 417 Report number: [entered by the UBA library] Necessity of testing biocidal products and their eluates within the regulatory authorization pro- cess aiming for an adequate environmental as- sessment of mixtures – extending the database for wood preservative products by Anja Coors 1, Pia Vollmar 1, Frank Sacher 2 1 ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstraße 2 – 14, 65439 Flörsheim am Main, Ger- many 2 TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany On behalf of the German Environment Agency Completion date November 2016 Environmental Risk Assessment of Biocidal Products as Mixtures Abstract Biocidal products are formulated preparations that contain one or more active substances and addi- tives added to serve various functions. They thereby represent intentional mixtures of chemical sub- stances that may reach the environment in their initial or in a changed composition. The present pro- ject addressed three aspects in a mixture risk assessment of biocidal products, which is required dur- ing the regulatory authorisation. These aspects range from direct regulatory application (component- based aquatic risk assessment of products) to more science-oriented exploratory work (indication for synergistic interactions and prediction of mixture toxicity in terrestrial organisms). No indication for synergistic interaction was found for the effects of fungicides that inhibit different enzymes in the same biosynthesis pathway. The terrestrial experiments provided evidence that mixture effects on the reproduction of collembolans can be fairly well predicted by concentration addition, while avoidance behaviour of collembolans was strongly underestimated. Based on a theoretical evaluation of 30 mar- keted biocidal products and experimental aquatic testing of seven wood preservative products, a pro- posal was developed for the identification of additives as relevant for a component-based assessment of biocidal products that could supersede experimental testing of biocidal products in the regulatory assessment. The proposed criteria for identifying ‘mixture-relevant’ additives (to be considered in ad- dition to the active substances) relate to a combination of their aquatic toxicity and their content in the product as detailed in the regulation for classification, labelling and packaging (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008). The availability and correctness of toxicity data for the relevant additives in a biocidal product were identified as the key factors determining the reliability and protectiveness of a compo- nent-based environmental risk assessment. Kurzbeschreibung Biozidprodukte enthalten einen oder mehrere Wirkstoffe sowie Beistoffe, welche verschiedene Funkti- onen im formulierten Produkt erfüllen. Damit stellen Biozidprodukte beabsichtigte Mischungen aus chemischen Substanzen dar, die in ihrer ursprünglichen oder in einer veränderten Zusammensetzung in die Umwelt gelangen können. Das vorliegende Projekt befasste sich mit drei Aspekten einer Mi- schungs-Risikobewertung von Biozidprodukten, die im Zulassungsverfahren erforderlich ist. Diese As- pekte reichen von der direkten, regulatorischen Anwendung (Komponenten-basierte aquatische Risi- kobewertung von Produkten) bis hin zu mehr wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen (Hinweise auf sy- nergistische Interaktionen und Vorhersage von Mischungstoxizität bei Bodenorganismen). Für Mi- schungen von Fungiziden, die unterschiedliche Enzyme im selben Biosynthesepfad blockieren, wurden keine Anzeichen für synergistischen Effekte gefunden. Die terrestrischen Experimente zeigten, dass Mischungseffekte auf die Reproduktion von Collembolen durch das Konzept der Konzentrations-Addi- tivität recht gut vorhergesagt werden können, während das Vermeidungsverhalten der Collembolen durch die Mischungsvorhersage stark unterschätzt wurde. Basierend auf einer theoretischen Bewer- tung von 30 zugelassenen Biozidprodukten und der experimentellen Untersuchung von sieben Holz- schutzmitteln, wurde ein Vorschlag entwickelt, welche Beistoffe eines Produktes als relevant für eine komponenten-basierte Bewertung einzustufen sind. Durch eine komponenten-basierte Bewertung kann das experimentelle Testen von Biozidprodukten im Rahmen der Zulassung ersetzt werden. Die vorgeschlagenen Kriterien für die Einstufung von Beistoffen als „relevant für die Mischung“ (zusätzlich zu den Wirkstoffen des Produktes) beruhen auf der Kombination ihrer aquatischen Toxizität und ih- rem Gehalt im Produkt analog zur Verordnung über die Einstufung, Kennzeichnung und Verpackung von Stoffen und Gemischen (Verordnung (EC) No 1272/2008). Als Schlüsselfaktoren zur Gewährleis- tung einer verlässlichen und protektiven Komponenten-basierten Umweltrisikobewertung stellten sich die Verfügbarkeit und Richtigkeit der Toxizitätsdaten für die relevanten Beistoffe des Biozidpro- dukts heraus. 4 Environmental Risk Assessment of Biocidal Products as Mixtures 5 Environmental Risk Assessment of Biocidal Products as Mixtures Table of Contents List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................... 8 List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Zusammenfassung .......................................................................................................................................... 16 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 19 2 Formulation Additives in Biocidal Products .......................................................................................... 22 2.1 Set of criteria for the category ‘CLP’ .............................................................................................. 23 2.2 Set of criteria for the category ‘HAZ’ .............................................................................................. 24 2.3 Set of criteria for the category ‘>10% STU’ .................................................................................... 25 2.4 Composition of wood preservatives .............................................................................................. 26 2.4.1 Formulation additives categorized as ‘CLP’ ............................................................................. 28 2.4.2 Formulation additives categorized as ‘HAZ’ ............................................................................ 29 2.4.3 Formulation additives categorized as ‘>10% STU’ ................................................................... 29 2.4.4 Overlap between the three categories tentatively identifying relevant additives ................. 30 2.5 Rodenticides ................................................................................................................................... 33 2.6 Insecticides, acaricides and products to control other arthropods ............................................... 34 3 Experimental Verification of Mixture Toxicity Predictions ................................................................... 35 3.1 Experimental testing of wood preservative products .................................................................... 35 3.1.1 Growth inhibition of green algae ............................................................................................. 35 3.1.2 Immobility of Daphnia magna ................................................................................................. 36 3.1.3 Mortality of fish embryos ........................................................................................................ 37 3.1.4 Verification of exposure concentrations ................................................................................. 37 3.1.5 Data analysis ............................................................................................................................ 37 3.1.6 Mixture toxicity prediction and comparison with observation ............................................... 38 3.2 Products selected for experimental testing ................................................................................... 39 3.3 Observed aquatic toxicity of tested biocidal products and comparison with predictions ............ 43 3.3.1 Product 6 ................................................................................................................................. 43 3.3.2 Product 10 ............................................................................................................................... 44 3.3.3 Product 14 ............................................................................................................................... 45 3.3.4 Product 16 ............................................................................................................................... 45 3.3.5 Product 20 ..............................................................................................................................

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