India Roadmap on Low Carbon and Sustainable Mobility (Decarbonisation of Indian Transport Sector) Lead Knowledge Partners INDEX MESSAGE FROM THE MINISTER 5 FOREWORD 7 WORDS FROM SECRETARY GENERAL, CHAIR & PARTNERS 8 PREFACE 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 COMPONENT 1: Urban Transformation For Healthier, Inclusive Lifestyles And Efficient, 18 Resilient, Prosperous Cities COMPONENT 2: Low-carbon energy supply strategy 32 COMPONENT 3: Improve Intermodal and mode-wise system Efficiencies 55 COMPONENT 4: Optimise supply chains to manage freight Transport emissions 61 COMPONENT 5: Avoid vehicle kilometres for commuting, shopping and accessing services 64 COMPONENT 6: Provide low-carbon solutions for the rural (non-urban) populations 71 COMPONENT 7: Accelerate action on adaptation in the transport sector 77 COMPONENT 8: Large scale deployment of economic instruments and leveraging Finance 85 CONCLUSION: Key messages, insights and summary of recommendations 94 ACRONYMS 105 REFERENCES 107 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 108 WORKING GROUP LEADS 109 WORKING GROUPS 110 SECRETARIAT 112 DISCLAIMER 113 ABOUT PARTNERS 114 CONTACT US 115 India Roadmap on Low Carbon and Sustainable Mobility MESSAGE FROM THE MINISTER Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry | 5 India Roadmap on Low Carbon and Sustainable Mobility FOREWORD The India Roadmap levels, among many key recommendations. The on Low Carbon and eight components provide a comprehensive and Sustainable Mobility is a holistic outlook to solutions and an action agenda bottom-up stakeholder encompassing urban transformation, low carbon driven actionable vision energy supply, inter-modal and intra-modal with an operational efficiencies, reducing freight emissions, reducing focus for the Transport vehicle kilometres, making adaptation central to sector in the context of transport and urban planning, sustainable rural Sustainable Development mobility, and financial and economic instruments. Goals (SDGs) as well as the objectives of India’s Nationally Determined This initiative has been unique in its approach, Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. involving diverse organisations from industry, It provides a direction for greater policy research, think tanks and NGOs, with stakeholder visibility on low carbon and sustainable mobility consultations across the country. ecosystem in India through an integrated approach and actionable recommendations for I extend my heartfelt gratitude to the Chair and the short-term (upto 2022), medium-term (2022 to all Working Group Leads and Members whose 2030) and long-term (2030 to 2050). tireless effort has led to this tremendous body India’s commitment to climate goals and of work, with involvement of 45 experts from 36 ambitious initiatives undertaken by the organisations. I thank our partners PPMC, Shakti Government of India through extensive Sustainable Energy Foundation and WWF-India stakeholder and inter-ministerial consultations are for their support, guidance and feedback towards already leading the pathways for transforming the development of the India Roadmap. The FICCI mobility landscape. The transport sector being Environment and Climate Change Secretariat an important contributor to economic growth, the has put in immense hard work with the working transition to a low carbon pathway will be central groups and partners to complete the journey. to ensuring a sustainable mobility sector as the I am grateful that this initiative received the country moves towards achieving the goal of a blessing of Shri Nitin Gadkari ji at its kick-off and 5-trillion dollar economy. now the final Roadmap launch, a person who is a great visionary and votary of sustainability as the Several companies are taking a lead in technology core of his vision for the transport sector. and business model innovations in the area of transport to deliver low carbon solutions at the local Our journey does not end here. FICCI is level making the transition to low carbon future. committed to work with the Government for a This would certainly help their innovation journeys transition to a low carbon mobility ecosystem. and act as enablers for a technology innovation The launch of the India Roadmap is a new ecosystem in the transport system. beginning for us to work on its actionable recommendations with the Government, in a The Roadmap recognizes congestion and spirit of partnership and shared vision towards air pollution as the heart of the problem to sustainable mobility. decarbonize, and recommends a greater thrust to public transportation, sustainable fuels, shifting the paradigm of building infrastructure for mobility of vehicles to building infrastructure for mobility of people and goods, focusing on transit- oriented development, and developing a strong integrated governance at national, state and city Dr Sangita Reddy, President, FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry | 7 India Roadmap on Low Carbon and Sustainable Mobility WORDS FROM SECRETARY GENERAL, CHAIR & PARTNERS “The Roadmap is an opportunity for stakeholders in government, business, urban and transport planning to integrate low carbon and sustainable options into their strategic decisions. It will inform policymaking towards decarbonisation of the mobility sector through an integrated and interconnected lens and approach and provides actionable recommendations to hit the ground running. FICCI is privileged to have driven this initiative with experts and partners, which will support India’s nationally determined contributions under the Paris Dilip Chenoy Agreement and its sustainable development goals.” Secretary General FICCI “Transforming mobility requires resolve and realism. Close cooperation between state and non-state actors is of the essence” Dr Patrick Oliva Co-Founder PPMC “The Roadmap provides specific recommendations for establishing sustainable mobility, thereby addressing one of the main drivers of climate change. It lays the pathway for a low carbon, high fluidity intermodal transport network by suggesting policy and regulatory changes, institutional and structural reforms, infrastructure development, technology upgradation as well as economic instruments. This Sustainable Mobility Roadmap which has evolved through a collaborative stakeholder approach that included Industry, Government, Civil Society and Urban Planning Professionals Bharat Salhotra provides actionable vision and an operational focus for each Chair mode of Transport (people & freight, Urban & Rural) with the FICCI Core Group on India Roadmap for ultimate objective of supporting India’s NDCs under the Paris Low Carbon & Sustainable Mobility Agreement as well as for building India’s economy. The work MD, Ronmas India is a culmination of the collective effort of 45 professionals from 36 organisations spread over nearly 24 months.” 8 | Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry India Roadmap on Low Carbon and Sustainable Mobility “An affordable, congestion-free, and low carbon integrated transport system, with particular focus on public transport and non-motorised modes such as walking and cycling, is essential for meeting the mobility needs of the growing urban population. It would have benefits in terms of improved air quality, reduced health impacts, and reduction of carbon emissions. Further, sustainable mobility solutions that cater to the needs of the rural population can be a strong Ravi Singh, enabler for social transformation. The steps Secretary General & CEO enumerated in this decarbonisation roadmap WWF India would lead to overall better quality of life for the citizens.” “As Co-Lead of PPMC - Paris Process on Mobility and Climate, I am very impressed by this “Indian Transport Roadmap” developed by FICCI with WWF support in collaboration with the Indian public authorities. Based on PPMC’s approach and methodology, this collective workstream is a major contribution to update India’s NDCs and make them robust in the context of the implementation of the Paris Agreement.” Nicolas Beaumont Senior Vice President Sustainable Development and Mobility Michelin / PPMC “We are happy to be a partner in this venture of FICCI to build a roadmap for Low Carbon & Sustainable Mobility in India through bottom- up consultations with industry and sustainable mobility experts in the country. This roadmap will inform India’s actions on the adoption and implementation of transport decarbonisation strategies. The roadmap has enough recommendations to aid in decision making by Government and climate leaders and identify the Ms Vatsala Joseph roles of various stakeholders in this transition.” Interim CEO Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry | 9 India Roadmap on Low Carbon and Sustainable Mobility PREFACE To move down the path of reduced emissions overview of all components, the India Roadmap from the Indian transport sector and provide provides the complete context for low carbon and direction to low carbon and sustainable mobility sustainable mobility for India. for India, FICCI embarked on the initiative for Developing an India Roadmap for Low The work on the India Roadmap has been guided Carbon and Sustainable Mobility with thrust on by the FICCI Core Group on Sustainable decarbonisation of the Indian transport sector. Mobility, consisting of eight working groups, and FICCI is supported in this initiative by knowledge each worked on one of the eight components. partners, WWF-India, Paris Process on Mobility The components are based on the Global and Climate (PPMC)