Training Handbook: Sustainable Construction Imprint Title: Training Handbook: Sustainable Construction Authors: Wuppertal Institut - Gokarakonda, Sriraj Moore,Christopher Published: Wuppertal Institute 2018 Project title: SusBuild - Up-scaling and mainstreaming sustainable building practices in western China Work Package: 1 Funded by: European Commision Contact: Chun Xia-Bauer Doeppersberg 19 42103 Wuppertal (Germany) e-mail: [email protected] SUSBUILD Training Handbook for Sustainable Construction Table of contents Table of contents 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Sustainable construction 6 1.1.1 Dimensions of Sustainability 6 1.1.2 Sustainable Construction Phase 7 2 Policies, labelling systems and standards related to sustainable construction in Europe 9 2.1 Technical standards related to green construction in Europe 9 2.1.1 European Level 9 2.1.2 CEN/TC 350 - Sustainability of construction works 9 2.1.2.1 EN 15643-1:2010 - Sustainability assessment of buildings - Part 1: General framework 11 2.1.2.2 EN 15643-2:2011 - Assessment of buildings - Part 2: Framework for the assessment of environmental performance 11 2.1.2.3 EN 15643-3:2012 - Assessment of buildings. Framework for the assessment of social performance 11 2.1.2.4 EN 15643-4:2012 - Assessment of buildings. Framework for the assessment of economic performance 12 2.1.2.5 EN 15978:2011 - Assessment of environmental performance of buildings. Calculation method 12 2.1.2.6 EN 16309:2014 - Assessment of social performance of buildings – Methods 12 2.1.2.7 EN 16627:2015 - Assessment of economic performance of buildings - Calculation methods 13 2.1.2.8 EN 15804:2012+A1:2013 - Environmental product declarations. Core rules for the product category of construction products 13 2.1.2.9 CEN/TR 15941:2010 - Environmental product declarations. Methodology for selection and use of generic data 14 2.1.2.10 EN 15942:2011 - Environmental product declarations. Communication format business-to-business 14 2.2 Sustainable building Labels in Europe 14 2.2.1 DGNB German Certification Scheme for Sustainable Buildings 16 2.2.2 BREEAM - Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology 21 2.3 Further standards and codes 26 2.3.1 ISO 14000 Environmental management 26 2.3.1.1 ISO 14001: 2015 Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use 26 2.3.1.2 ISO 14006:2011 - Environmental management systems - Guidelines for incorporating ecodesign 27 2.3.1.3 ISO 14020 series (14020 to 14025) Environmental labels and declarations 27 2.3.1.4 EN ISO 14040:2006 - Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework 27 2.3.2 ISO 15392 and the related suite of International Standards for sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works 28 2.3.2.1 ISO 15392 Sustainability in building construction - General principles 28 2.3.2.2 ISO 21929-1:2011 Sustainability in building construction - Framework for the development of indicators and a core set of indicators for buildings 28 2.3.2.3 ISO 21930:2007 Sustainability in building construction - Environmental declaration of building products 29 2.3.2.4 ISO 21931-1:2010 Sustainability in building construction - framework for methods of assessment of the environmental performance of construction works 29 2.3.3 ISO 50001 Energy Management Standard 29 2.3.4 European Environmental Management System (EMAS) 30 2.3.5 ISO/TS 12720:2014 - Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works 30 2.3.6 Level(s) Framework 30 2.3.7 Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz (KrWG) 31 2.4 Sustainable Product Labelling 32 2.4.1 Ecolabels and and Environmental Product Declaration 32 2.4.1.1 Good practice example – Material database - ÖKOBAUDAT 34 2.4.1.2 Good practice example - Passive House Energy Efficient Components 34 3 Environmental Aspect of the Construction Phase 36 3.1 Environmental Impact of Construction 36 3.2 Environmental objectives and assessment criteria 36 3.3 Sustainable Construction Processes 36 3.3.1 Landscape conservation 36 3.3.2 Soil conservation and contamination 37 3.3.3 Water contamination 38 1 SUSBUILD Training Handbook for Sustainable Construction 3.3.4 Noise control 39 3.3.5 Dust control - Airborne particulate and dust 39 3.4 Sustainable resource use and material efficiency in the construction phase 41 3.4.1 Material resource efficiency 41 3.4.2 Resource productivity 41 3.4.3 Environmental impacts of resource use 41 3.4.4 Resource-light construction 42 3.5 On-Site Energy Consumption 42 3.5.1 Technologies 43 3.5.2 Training 44 3.5.3 Accommodation 44 3.5.3.1 Good-Practice Examples - Container Accommodation 44 3.5.3.2 Good-Practice Examples – Wooden Module Accommodation 45 3.5.4 Energy consumption from transport 45 4 Sustainable Materials and Technologies 47 4.1 Knowledge base 47 4.2 Eco Balances 47 4.3 Construction process materials 48 4.4 Eco materials and technologies 48 4.4.1 Recycled Materials 49 4.4.2 Good practice example - Eco-Cement 49 4.4.3 Good practice example - Wood 49 5 Quality Control during the construction phase 51 5.1 Quality Control 51 5.1.1 Quality control on construction sites 51 5.1.2 Building Measurements 52 5.1.2.1 Material lists 52 5.1.2.2 Blower Door 52 5.1.2.3 Thermography 53 5.1.2.4 Air Quality 53 5.1.2.5 Thermal Bridging 53 5.1.2.6 System Regulation including Hydraulic Adjustment 53 5.1.2.7 Sound 53 6 Construction and demolition waste management and recycling 54 6.1 Waste control 54 6.1.1 Good Practice Example – recycling of aggregates and gravel. 55 6.1.2 Good Practice Example - Site Waste Management Plan UK 56 6.2 Deconstruction and recyclability 57 6.2.1 Good practice example – Recycling by prefabrication company from Japan: Sekisui Heim 58 6.2.2 Good practice example - Case Study, The recyclable building 58 7 Training for sustainable construction 60 7.1 Training 60 7.1.1 Good Practice – Supply Chain Sustainability School 60 7.1.2 Good Practice - Dual vocational training in Germany 61 8 Sustainable building construction costs and cost reduction 63 8.1 Design and planning phase 67 8.2 Materials 67 8.3 Construction phase 67 8.4 Recycling and waste reduction 67 8.5 Construction companies and their sustainable investments 68 9 The sustainable construction phase 69 9.1 Relevant Actors and roles 69 9.2 Sustainable building processes 71 9.2.1 Prerequisite from other building phases - Design and planning 72 9.2.2 Start of Construction Phase 72 2 | Wuppertal Institut SUSBUILD Training Handbook for Sustainable Construction Table of contents 9.2.3 Sustainable materials and material procurement 73 9.2.4 Optimisation of the interaction between trades 74 9.2.5 Waste reduction 74 9.2.6 Quality Control 75 9.2.7 Completion of the construction Phase 75 9.3 Optimisation of the sustainable building process 75 9.3.1 Integrated Sustainable Design process 75 9.3.1.1 Good practise example - Lean Construction 78 9.3.2 9.3.2 Pre-fabrication and Industrialized construction 79 9.3.3 BIM in the sustainable building construction – Road to Construction 4.0 80 9.3.3.1 Good Practice Example - New Karolinska Hospital 83 10 References 86 10.1 Literature 86 10.2 Standards 87 10.3 Webpages 88 3 SUSBUILD Training Handbook for Sustainable Construction List of figures Figure 1: Holistic assessment criteria of sustainability -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Figure 2: The different implementation levels of the CEN/TC 350 with the Framework, Building and Product levels ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Figure 3: General comparison of two European Sustainable Building Labels ------------------------------------------- 15 Figure 4: Comparison of private sustainable building codes and the CEN/TC 350 ------------------------------------- 15 Figure 5: ISO 15392 and the related suite of International Standards for sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 Figure 6: Examples of Environmental Product Declaration ------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 Figure 7: Examples of EPD databases --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 Figure 8: Passive House suitable component label ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 Figure 9: Energy Efficient containers in Switzerland ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 Figure 10: Energy Efficient pre-fabricated wooden containers in Germany ---------------------------------------------- 45 Figure 11: Global Warming Potential from transport ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 Figure 12: Examples of harmful substances that can be found on construction sites and their health effects ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 Figure 13: Construction and Demolition Waste ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 Figure 14: Building design for a sustainable deconstruction ------------------------------------------------------------------ 57 Figure 15: West elevation of the R128 House ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 59 Figure 16: Rising construction and building costs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 Figure 17: Reported cost premiums associated with LEED (in