No. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Ministry of Local Administration and Environment (MLAE) Damascus governorate (DG) Rural Damascus governorate (RDG) The Syrian Arab Republic The Study on Urban Planning for Sustainable Development of Damascus Metropolitan Area in the Syrian Arab Republic Final Report Volume 2 Master Plan Report March 2008 RECS International Inc. SD Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. J R 08-025 The Study on Urban Planning for Sustainable Development of Damascus Metropolitan Area in the Syrian Arab Republic Final Report Volume 2: Master Plan Report Contents Page Chapter 1 Introduction.............................................................................................1-1 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Study Area and Objectives .................................................................................. 1-3 1.3 Work Progress ..................................................................................................... 1-3 1.4 Structure of the Master Plan Report.................................................................... 1-7 Chapter 2 Macro and Meso Level Analyses on National and Regional Socioeconomies........................................................................................2-1 2.1 Socioeconomy of Syria ....................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Overview of recent performance......................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 10th Five Year Plan ............................................................................................. 2-5 2.1.3 Issues for Socioeconomic Development of Syria................................................ 2-6 2.2 Development Diagnosis by Region..................................................................... 2-6 2.2.1 Northwestern region............................................................................................ 2-7 2.2.2 Mediterranean region ........................................................................................ 2-13 2.2.3 Central region.................................................................................................... 2-18 2.2.4 Southern region ................................................................................................. 2-22 2.2.5 Eastern region.................................................................................................... 2-26 Chapter 3 Macro Frameworks and Development Scenario for Syria .................3-1 3.1 Socioeconomic Framework for Syria.................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Present socio-economy of Syria.......................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 GRDP estimate by region.................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.3 Projection of Syria’s socio-economy................................................................... 3-3 3.2 Spatial Framework for Syria’s Development ...................................................... 3-3 3.2.1 Urban axes........................................................................................................... 3-4 - i - 3.2.2 Macro water balance............................................................................................3-6 3.2.3 Strategy for spatial development of Syria ...........................................................3-7 3.3 Development Scenario for Syria........................................................................3-10 3.3.1 Phase 1: up to 2013............................................................................................3-10 3.3.2 Phase 2: 2014-19 ...............................................................................................3-12 3.3.3 Phase 3: 2020-25 and beyond............................................................................3-13 Chapter 4 Basic Conditions for DMA Urban Development ................................. 4-1 4.1 Carrying Capacity with Respect to Water Availability........................................4-1 4.1.1 Water resources endowment and availability ......................................................4-1 4.1.2 Water demand......................................................................................................4-2 4.1.3 Carrying capacity of the DMA population ..........................................................4-4 4.2 Definition of the DMA ........................................................................................4-5 4.2.1 Scope of work for the Study................................................................................4-5 4.2.2 Study by the General Company for Engineering and Consulting .......................4-5 4.2.3 Alternative definitions of the DMA.....................................................................4-6 4.3 Spatial Development Directions and Macro Zoning ...........................................4-8 4.3.1 Spatial development directions............................................................................4-8 4.3.2 Macro zoning.....................................................................................................4-16 4.4 Position of the DMA in Syria’s development....................................................4-19 4.4.1 Present position .................................................................................................4-19 4.4.2 Prospects............................................................................................................4-20 Chapter 5 Development Objectives and Strategy for the DMA........................... 5-1 5.1 Problem Analysis and Planning Concepts...........................................................5-1 5.1.1 Participatory problem analysis ............................................................................5-1 5.1.2 Planning concepts................................................................................................5-2 5.2 Objectives for DMA Urban Development...........................................................5-3 5.3 Strategy for DMA Urban Development...............................................................5-4 5.3.1 Basic strategy.......................................................................................................5-4 5.3.2 Spatial development strategy...............................................................................5-5 Chapter 6 Frameworks and Scenario for DMA Urban Development................. 6-1 6.1 Socioeconomic Framework for the DMA ...........................................................6-1 6.1.1 Population projection...........................................................................................6-1 6.1.2 GRDP and employment.......................................................................................6-3 6.1.3 Macro consistency...............................................................................................6-4 6.2 Spatial Framework...............................................................................................6-4 - ii - 6.2.1 Urbanization pattern............................................................................................ 6-5 6.2.2 Distribution of urban centers and sub-centers..................................................... 6-9 6.2.3 Population and employment distribution .......................................................... 6-11 6.3 Scenario for DMA Urban Development............................................................ 6-17 6.3.1 Phase 1: up to 2013 ........................................................................................... 6-17 6.3.2 Phase 2: 2014-19 ............................................................................................... 6-19 6.3.3 Phase 3: 2020-25 ............................................................................................... 6-21 Chapter 7 Urban Development Plan in the DMA..................................................7-1 7.1 Land Use Plan for DMA ..................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Development Plan by Sector............................................................................... 7-9 7.2.1 Urban transport and public transportation plan................................................... 7-9 7.2.2 Water supply and sewerage plan ....................................................................... 7-26 7.2.3 Social infrastructure plan .................................................................................. 7-37 7.2.4 Urban heritage restoration and use plan............................................................ 7-47 7.3 Development Programs and Projects ................................................................ 7-54 7.3.1 Development plan for the DMA........................................................................ 7-54 7.3.2 Urban structure transformation initiative .......................................................... 7-55 7.3.3 Living environment improvement initiative...................................................... 7-68 7.3.4 Special program for urban heritage restoration and use.................................... 7-78 7.4 Environmental and Social Considerations ........................................................ 7-78 7.4.1 Assessment of possible adverse effcts of proposed projects and pgorams........ 7-78 7.4.2 Possible