ECONOMIC SURVEY MANIPUR 2008-09 DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS GOVERNMENT OF MANIPUR IMPHAL PREFACE The Economic Survey, Manipur, 2008-09 presents a broad analysis of the latest economic situation of the state based on performance appraisal data collected from various sources. It is the 14th issue of the series. 2. The salient feature of the state’s economy is briefly discussed in Part-I and supporting statistical tables are presented in Part - II. Some of the chapters/tables have been modified in the present issue on the basis of the data-base made available by different Agencies/Departments. 3. It is hoped that with the active co-operation of different Organisations/ Departments, the Directorate will be able to make improvements in the quality and contents of the publication in its future issues. The co-operation and help extended spontaneously by different Departments of the Government, local bodies and private institutions are gratefully acknowledged. I am happy to put on record, my appreciation to all the officers and staff of the Economic Analysis (EA) Unit of the Directorate for their untiring efforts put in for preparation of this publication. The co-operation extended by the Coordination and Publication (COP) Unit of the Directorate in not only updating the data but also in data entry and in ensuring the cohesiveness across the chapters deserves special thanks. The burden of the printing work was shouldered by the officials of the COP Unit. Their sincere efforts and hard work in bringing out the publication in time are gratefully acknowledged. The contribution of the officials engaged in taking copies and also the Graphics Section in the cover design are also acknowledged with thanks. 4. I, sincerely, hope that this publication will prove to be useful to the planners, policy makers, social workers and research workers and will help in enhancing their understanding on the socio-economic scenario of Manipur State. Suggestions for improvements in its future issue are most welcome. Dated/Imphal PAONAM IBOMCHA SINGH The 12th February, 2009 Director of Economics & Statistics, Manipur CONTENTS Chapter PART – I Page No. I GENERAL OBSERVATION i II DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 III STATE INCOME AND PRICES 25 IV STATE BUDGET AND PLANNING 39 V AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS 67 Agriculture 67 Horticulture 77 Veterinary and Animal Husbandry 79 Forestry 82 Fisheries 87 VI RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND CO-OPERATION 89 VII INDUSTRIES AND MINERALS 103 VIII ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE 127 Power 127 Irrigation 139 Transport and Communication 147 Banking 153 IX SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 157 Education 157 Science and Technology 167 Ecology and Environment 169 Food and Civil Supplies 170 Health and Family Welfare Services 174 Water Supply and Sanitation 180 Development of Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes and OBC 182 Social Welfare 186 Arts and Culture 189 Tourism 192 Empowerment of Women 193 Poverty 195 Labour and Employment 196 X MISCELLANEOUS 203 Economic Census 203 PART – II STATISTICAL TABLES 211 PART – I CHAPTER I GENERAL OBSERVATION Manipur, one of the eight sisters of the North Eastern Region of India, is an isolated hill-girt state stretching between 92°58´E to 94°45´E longitudes and 23°50´N to 25°42´N latitudes. It is a charming place encircled by nine hill ranges on all sides with a small and beautiful oval shaped valley at the centre. The State has 352 kms. long international border with Burma (Myanmar) to the south-east and 502 kms. long border with the adjacent states of Nagaland on the north, Cachar District of Assam on the west and Chin Hills (Myanmar) and Mizoram on the south and the south-west and Surma Tract and upper Chindwin of Myanmar (Burma) on the East. The altitude of the State above the mean sea level varies from 790 metres to 2020 metres. It has sub-tropical temperate climate. The actual rainfall of Manipur in 2004 was 2075.1 mm as against the normal rainfall of 1969.5 mm as recorded by the India Meteorological Department. The State has a salubrious climate. 1.1 Manipur, though tiny in size, has a distinct history of its own. The recorded history of Manipur can be obtained from the State Royal chronicle called the Cheitharol Kumpaba which covers the period from 33 AD to 1890 AD. During this period, altogether 74 (seventy four) kings ruled the State, of which Nongda Lairen Pakhangba (33 AD to 154 AD) was the first and last was Kulachandra. Manipur was then a tiny independent kingdom. 1.1.1 Manipur lost her independence to the British India in the year 1891. From 1892 onwards it became a princely native state under the political control of Government of British India. Accordingly, the administration of the state came under the influence of a political agent by vesting all executive powers in him. This British Paramouncy continued till 1947 in which India got independence. 1.1.2 According to a merger agreement signed on 21st September, 1949 between Maharaja Budhachandra, the then king of Manipur and the government of India, the state was merged into India as a part “C” State on the 15th October, 1949 and administered by the President of India through a Chief Commissioner. Manipur ceased to be a part “C” State on the 1st November, 1956 and became a Union Territory under the Union Territorial Council Act, 1956. The Territorial Council consisting of 30 elected members and 2(two) nominated members was constituted on 16-8-1957. However, the Territorial Council was replaced by a Territorial Legislative Assembly of 30 members and 2(two) nominated members from 23-7-1963. Manipur became a full-fledged state within the Indian Union with a Governor as the Head of the state on the 21st January,1972 and the members of the Legislative Assembly was increased to 60. The first popular Ministry, after attaining statehood, was installed on March 20, 1972. 1.2 Manipur has a geographical area of 22,327 sq.kms. which constitutes 0.7 percent of the total land surface of India. Ninety Percent of the total geographical area of the state i.e. 20,089 sq.kms. is covered by hills, the remaining area is a small valley covering only 2,238 sq.kms. and accounting for only one-tenth of the total area of the state. 1.2.1 According to 2001 Census, the population of the state is 22.9 lakhs registering a population density of 103 per sq.km. The population has increased by 4.57 lakhs during the decade 1991 to 2001. Out of the total population of the state, 11.6 lakhs were males and the rest 11.3 lakhs were females. There are 7 (seven) scheduled castes communities and 33 (thirtythree) different scheduled tribes of different ethnic groups presenting complicated socio-economic phenomena. There is apparent disparity in the level of income and consumption between the rich and the poor, between the urban elite and the rural poor, between the haves and have-nots and between the public living in the hills and in the valley. 1.2.2 The state has 33 towns (28 statutory towns and 5 census towns) and 2,391 villages (2315 inhabited and 76 uninhabited) as per 2001 census. Imphal is the capital city of Manipur. It has a population of about 2.46 lakhs and has almost all the facilities of a modern city. About 48 kms. away from Imphal towards south-east lies the Loktak Lake, the largest fresh water lake in the North-Eastern Region of India. This lake which covers an area of 216 sq.kms., is the biggest natural source of fish supply which is one of the important food items of the people of the state. 1.3 The state of Manipur splits up naturally into two tracts viz. the hills and the dales. The hill comprises of five districts namely (i) Senapati; (ii) Tamenglong; (iii) Churachandpur; (iv) Chandel; and (v) Ukhrul, while the valley consists of four districts viz. (i) Imphal East; (ii) Imphal West; (iii) Bishnupur; and (iv) Thoubal. The valley areas of Manipur has two constituent parts, one of which is the Imphal valley in the heart of the state and the other is Jiri valley in the west beyond the pale of hill ranges bordering the Cachar District of Assam. The districts were further divided into sub-divisions. There are altogether 38 (thirty eight) sub-divisions. Table No. 1(a) of Part II gives a picture of Manipur State in figures at a glance and Table No. 1(b) shows the structure of the districts and administrative divisions. Of all the districts, the Imphal East, Imphal West, Bishnupur and Thoubal districts together have a population of about 14 lakhs. With only about 10 (ten) percent of the state’s total area, these four districts together provide habitation to about 62 percent of the total population of the state. As a result, the valley is a thickly populated area with a density of 631 persons per sq.km. as against 44 persons per sq.km. in the hills. As per 2001 census, the average density of the state is 103 persons per sq.km. as against the all India average of 313 persons per sq.km. Majority of the population in the hill regions are scheduled tribes while the valley is inhabited mainly by the Meiteis, Muslims etc. 1.4 Demographic features : Population of a country is its most important asset and demographic indicator. The population of Manipur as per 2001 census was 22.9 lakhs comprising 11.6 lakhs of males and 11.3 lakhs of females. Population of Manipur constitute nearly 0.22 percent of the total population of India.