TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from the President and CEO of PICMET . .2 Powell’s City of Books . .21 Message from the Governor of Oregon . .4 Tom McCall Waterfront Park . .21 Message from Oregon’s U.S. Senator . .5 Washington Park . .21 Message from Oregon’s U.S. Congress Rep. .6 Oregon Zoo . .21 Japanese Garden . .22 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . .7 World Forestry Center . .22 Hoyt Arboretum . .22 PICMET ’07 . .8 International Rose Test Garden . .22 Board of Directors . .8 Willamette Jet Boat Excursions . .22 Executive Committee . .8 Program Committee . .9 SHOPPING . .23 Advisory Council . .10 Shopping Portland’s Downtown . .23 Organizing Committee . .10 Pearl District . .23 Portland’s Mall Scene . .23 PICMET ’07 AWARDS . .11 Student Paper Awards . .11 GUEST PROGRAM . .24 Medal of Excellence . .12 Daily Excursions . .24 Leadership in Technology Management Awards . .13 Best of Portland Walking Tour . .24 Portland Art Museum . .24 GENERAL INFORMATION . .15 Lunch at South Park Restuarant . .25 Conference Focus . .15 Rose Test Garden and Japanese Garden . .25 Who Should Attend . .15 Portland Farmers Market . .25 Program . .15 Publications . .15 SOCIAL EVENTS . .26 Registration Policy . .16 Reception / Buffet . .26 Session and Paper Designations . .16 Dinner in the Park Blocks . .26 Presentation Guidelines . .16 Awards Banquet . .26 Audio/Visual Equipment . .16 Salmon Feast . .27 E-Mail . .16 PICMET Volunteers . .16 SITE VISITS . .28 XEROX . .28 CITY OF ROSES . .17 Freightliner . .28 Getting Around Portland . .17 Airport Transportation . .17 TECHNICAL PROGRAM . .29 Climate . .17 Program Overview . .29 Gratuities . .17 The Papers . .29 Travel Oregon . .17 The Schedule . .29 Events . .18 Monday Schedule . .30 Woodburn Outlet Express . .18 Tuesday Schedule . .31 Beavers Baseball . .18 Wednesday Schedule . .32 First Thursday Gallery Walk . .18 Thursday Schedule . .33 Mt. Hood Jazz Festival 2007 . .18 Schedule of Sessions by Date . .34 Bones and Brew Festival . .18 Personal Schedule . .38 Saturday Farmers Market . .19 Wednesday Farmers Market . .19 PLENARY SESSIONS . .39 Music Concerts at the Zoo . .19 The Bite of Oregon . .19 SPECIAL SESSIONS . .46 Underground Portland . .19 ETMERC Meeting . .46 Epicurean Excursion . .19 TMEDA . .46 Technology Management in the Service Sector . .46 PORTLANDATTRACTIONS . .19 Country Representatives Meeting . .46 Art Galleries . .19 Picmet ‘08 and ‘09 planning session . .46 Oregon Historical Society . .20 TUTORIALS . .47 Oregon Museum of Science and Industry . .20 Pioneer Courthouse Square . .20 PH.D. COLLOQUIUM . .51 Pittock Mansion . .20 NSF SYMPOSIUM . .52 Portland Art Museum . .21 SESSIONS . .59 Portland Classical Chinese Garden . .21 AUTHOR INDEX . .118 Portland Spirit . .21 FLOOR LAYOUT OF THE HILTON HOTEL . .124 1 PICMET ’07 Dear PICMET Guests: It is a great pleasure for us to welcome you to PICMET ’07. As new technologies continue to emerge at a rapid pace, we are observing two parallel phenomena that are shaping the world in the “Technology Era”. One is the convergence of the new technologies; the other one is the rise of the service sector enabled by technology toward becoming the dominant force in the global economy. As information technology, nanotechnology and biotechnology start converging, new concepts and products that were not even imaginable just a few years ago are being developed in the manufacturing, energy, health, transportation, agriculture, government and educational systems, among others, and approaching the point of developing permanent solutions to age-old problems that have been plaguing the social and industrial rubric of the society for centuries. While technological capabilities are increasingly being channeled to the betterment of humankind, an enormous shift is also taking place toward the service economy in industrialized countries. With services representing 75 percent of the U.S. economy today, it is not surprising that the entire Chinese economy is only as large as the health sector in the U.S. With these two major forces, namely the technologies starting to converge, and technologies starting to enable the service sector toward dominating national economies, it is more critical than ever to harness the energy of the existing and emerging technologies to make sure that the future will be to our liking. The only way to do that is to be innovative, and to remain ahead of the curve. We see innovation as the key to success in the future shaped by the convergence of technologies and the move toward service- dominated economies. Consequently, we see a tremendous opportunity for technology management to make a significant impact on the world economy by shaping that future. That is a big challenge for the leaders and emerging leaders in the technology management field. Recognizing this emerging challenge, the PICMET ’07 Conference took a bold step and examined the role of technology management in the convergence of technologies and the emergence of the service economy as a dominant force. PICMET, in its 16th year now, is the largest conference on technology management in the world. Approximately 670 papers were submitted to PICMET ’07. After they were reviewed by at least one referee from the 91-member Program Committee in a double- blind refereeing process, 357 were accepted for inclusion in the conference. The referees were from universities, industrial organizations and government agencies from around the world. The authors represent more than 320 organizations in 40 countries. The PICMET ’07 Conference has two publications: This Bulletin includes an abstract of each paper to enable the participants to select the sessions to attend and the presentations to follow. The Proceedings includes all the papers presented on CD-ROM with unique page numbers and is intended as a reference book for an overview of the field, in general, and the conference, in particular. The papers scheduled for presentation in the conference are clustered into 39 major tracks, alphabetically listed below: Accelerated Radical Innovation Global Issues in Technology Management Competitiveness Information Management Convergence of Technologies Innovation Management Decision Making Knowledge Management E-Business Manufacturing Management Emerging Technologies New Product Development Entrepreneurship/Intrapreneurship Outsourcing/Offshoring (continued on next page) 2 PICMET ’07 Productivity Management Technology Management in Biotechnology Project/Program Management Technology Management Education R&D Management Technology Management in Electronics Industry Science and Technology Policy Technology Management in the Health Sector Software Process Management Technology Management in Nanotechnology Strategic Management of Technology Technology Management in the Public Sector Strategic Value of Technologies Technology Management in the Service Sector Supply Chain Management Technology Management for Sustainability Technical Workforce Technology Management in Telecommunications Technology Adoption Technology Management Framework Technology Assessment and Evaluation Technology Marketing Technology Diffusion Technology Roadmapping Technology Forecasting and Planning Hundreds of people participated in planning and organizing PICMET ’07. The International Advisory Council, whose members represent the leading educational institutions, industrial corporations and government agencies around the world, helped to define the critical issues to be addressed by the conference. The Board of Directors provided strategic directions. The Program Committee conducted the double-blind reviews of the submissions. The Country Representatives, under the leadership of Kiyoshi Niwa of the University of Tokyo in Japan and Dilek Cetindamar of Sabanci University in Turkey, provided linkages between PICMET and the regions they represent. The Program Committee reviewed the papers and provided valuable assistance to assure the highest quality of presentations. Ann White coordinated the overall planning for the Conference; Liono Setiowijoso designed, maintained and managed the information systems, and formatted the papers for the Proceedings and the Bulletin; Donna Koch managed the registration process; Debbie Hutchins coordinated the on-site activities; and Jeff Birndorf of endesign developed graphic arts for PICMET ’07. Finally, the Organizing Committee, including our students in the Department of Engineering and Technology Management at Portland State University, took on major responsibilities in every aspect of the work involved in putting together PICMET ’07. We acknowledge the individuals and organizations which supported PICMET, and extend our deep gratitude and thanks to every one of them. We also offer special thanks to Portland State University, particularly President Daniel Bernstine, Interim President Michael Reardon, and Dean Robert Dryden for their continuous support and encouragement. We hope that the ever-increasing enthusiasm of all these people and organizations has resulted in a conference that will be a truly rewarding experience for our guests. We are pleased and proud to hear from the participants that every PICMET Conference is better than the previous one in terms of its contents and quality and the impact it is making on the technology management field. We believe PICMET ’07 will have a major impact on the growth of the field and will contribute significantly to research, education and implementation of Technology Management. We hope you will find it beneficial and enjoyable. All of us at PICMET wish you a productive week, with.