GREENHOUSE GAS AND CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS INVENTORY FOR THE PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK & NEW JERSEY Calendar Year 2015 Final Report Prepared for: The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey Prepared by: SC&A, Inc. Arlington, VA and Southern Research Institute Durham, NC November 2017 (This page intentionally left blank) November 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. VIII 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Inventory Structure ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Summary of GHG Emissions Results ............................................................................................... 9 2.0 STATIONARY COMBUSTION (SCOPE 1) ............................................................................................... 15 2.1 Buildings ......................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps .......................................................................................... 20 2.3 Welding Gases ................................................................................................................................ 21 3.0 MOBILE COMBUSTION (SCOPE 1) ......................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Central Automotive Division Fleet ................................................................................................. 22 3.2 PATH Diesel Equipment ................................................................................................................ 26 4.0 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS (SCOPE 1) ........................................................................................................... 28 4.1 Use of Refrigerants ......................................................................................................................... 28 4.2 Use of Fire Suppressants ................................................................................................................. 30 4.3 Historic Elizabeth Landfill .............................................................................................................. 31 5.0 PURCHASED ELECTRICITY (SCOPE 2) .................................................................................................. 33 5.1 Buildings ......................................................................................................................................... 34 5.2 Rail Systems .................................................................................................................................... 39 6.0 PURCHASED STEAM, HEATING, AND COOLING (SCOPE 2) ............................................................. 41 6.1 JFK .................................................................................................................................................. 41 6.2 Port Authority Bus Terminal ........................................................................................................... 42 7.0 ENERGY PRODUCTION (SCOPE 3) ......................................................................................................... 44 7.1 Kennedy International Airport Cogeneration .................................................................................. 44 7.2 Essex County Resource Recovery Facility ..................................................................................... 47 8.0 AIRCRAFT (SCOPE 3) ................................................................................................................................ 49 8.1 Aircraft Movements and Auxiliary Power Units ............................................................................ 50 8.2 Ground Support Equipment ............................................................................................................ 56 9.0 ATTRACTED TRAVEL (SCOPE 3) ........................................................................................................... 59 9.1 Airport Passengers .......................................................................................................................... 59 9.2 Air Cargo ........................................................................................................................................ 65 10.0 MOBILE COMBUSTION (SCOPE 3) ......................................................................................................... 68 10.1 Shadow Fleet ................................................................................................................................... 68 11.0 TENANT ENERGY CONSUMPTION (SCOPE 3) ..................................................................................... 70 11.1 Buildings ......................................................................................................................................... 70 11.2 Rail Systems .................................................................................................................................... 75 12.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 78 APPENDIX A: 2015 SCOPE 3 GHG EMISSIONS BY YEAR OF ASSESSMENT ................................................. 83 APPENDIX B: 2015 OPERATIONS BY AIRCRAFT CODE ................................................................................... 84 APPENDIX C: 2015 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT PROFILES .................................................................... 95 iii November 2017 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1-1: Global Warming Potential Factors for Reportable GHGs .......................................................................... 4 Table 1-2: Characterization of Sources under the Operational Control of the Port Authority ..................................... 6 Table 1-3: Characterization of Tenant Sources ........................................................................................................... 7 Table 1-4: Characterization of Customer Sources ....................................................................................................... 8 Table 1-5: Characterization of Employee Sources ...................................................................................................... 8 Table 1-6: Port Authority 2015 GHG Emissions Summary (metric tons CO2e) ....................................................... 11 Table 1-7: Port Authority 2014 Biogenic GHG Emissions Summary ....................................................................... 11 Table 1-8: Port Authority 2015 GHG Emissions by Line Department (metric tons CO2e) ....................................... 13 Table 1-9: Port Authority 2015 GHG Emissions by Emissions Category and Activity (metric tons CO2e) ............. 14 Table 2-1: Port Authority Facilities with Stationary Combustion ............................................................................. 15 Table 2-2: Fuel Consumption by Commodity ........................................................................................................... 16 Table 2-3: Stationary Combustion GHG Emission Factors ....................................................................................... 17 Table 2-4: Stationary Combustion CAP Emission Factors ........................................................................................ 17 Table 2-5: 2015 GHG Emissions from Stationary Combustion by Department (metric tons) .................................. 18 Table 2-6: 2015 GHG Emissions from Stationary Combustion by Facility (metric tons) ......................................... 19 Table 2-7: 2015 CAP Emissions from Stationary Combustion by Department (metric tons) ................................... 19 Table 2-8: 2015 CAP Emissions from Stationary Combustion by Facility (metric tons) .......................................... 19 Table 2-9: Emergency Generator and Fire Pump GHG and CAP Emission Factors ................................................. 21 Table 2-10: 2015 GHG Emissions from Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps (metric tons) ............................... 21 Table 2-11: 2015 CAP Emissions from Emergency Generators (metric tons) .......................................................... 21 Table 3-1: 2015 CAD Fleet Fuel Consumption ......................................................................................................... 22 Table 3-2: Standard Emission Factors for the CAD Fleet ......................................................................................... 24 Table 3-3: Effective CO2 Emission Factors for the CAD Fleet ................................................................................. 24 Table 3-4: 2015 GHG Emissions for Main Fleet Vehicles (metric tons) ................................................................... 25 Table 3-5: 2015 GHG Emissions for Non-Main Fleet Vehicles (metric tons) .......................................................... 26 Table 3-6: 2015 GHG Emissions