M.Sc ZOOLOGY TWO-YEAR FULL-TIME PROGRAMME (Four-Semester Course) COURSE CONTENTS (Effective from 2016 admission) Midnapore College (Autonomous) Govt. Sponsored :: Affiliated to Vidyasagar University Re-Accredited by NAAC in 2012 Grade: A :: CGPA – 3.58 (4-point scale) Midnapore – 721 101 :: West Bengal :: India Website : www.midnaporecollege.org Phone/Fax : ( 03222 ) 275847 / 267315 E-mail : [email protected] M.Sc. Zoology Syllabus 2016 COURSE STRUCTURE Papers (50 marks each ) Year Semester Laboratory Theory Courses Courses ZOOPG101 A: Nonchordates B: Chordates ZOOPG105 ZOOPG102 A: Cytology B: Histology and histochemistry 1 ZOOPG103 A: Ecology B: Environmental biology and Toxicology ZOOPG106 ZOOPG104 A: Parasitology B: Immunology 1 ZOOPG201 A: Cytogenetics B: Molecular Biology ZOOPG205 ZOOPG202 A: Insect biology B: Fish Biology ZOOPG203 2 A: Comparative Animal Physiology B: Environmental Physiology ZOOPG206 ZOOPG204 A: Endocrinology B: Biochemistry ZOOPG301 A: Biostatistics B: Biophysics and Bioinformatics ZOOPG302 A: Genetics ZOOPG305 B: Evolution ZOOPG303 A: Biodiversity and their conservation 3 B: Biosystematics ZOOPG304* Elective-I : Cell and molecular Elective-II: Endocrinology biology ZOOPG306* A: Endocrine organs: Structure and A: Architecture of the cells functions B: Molecular biology B: Hormones and Hormone action 2 ZOOPG401 A: Developmental biology B: Biotechniques and Biotechnology ZOOPG404 ZOOPG402 A: Neurobiology and animal behaviour B: Applied Biology ZOOPG403* 4 Elective-I : Cell and molecular Elective-II : Endocrinology biology ZOOPG405* A: Comparative endocrinology A: Cell physiology B: Reproductive endocrinology and B: Genomics and proteomics Endocrine Disorders ZOOPG406* Dissertation || Midnapore College (Autonomous) 2 M.Sc. Zoology Syllabus 2016 Semester-I Paper: ZOOPG101 A: Nonchordates Lecture Hours 1. Organization, salient features and evolutionary significance of: Pogonophora, Rotifera and Tardigrada. 6 2. Locomotion: in Cnidaria and Echinodermata. 3 3. Nutrition: Feeding in Cnidaria and Nematoda. 4 4. Nervous system of Mollusca. 3 5. Respiration in Arthropoda. 4 6. Evolutionary significance of larval forms of Invertebrates. 3 7. Animal architecture: Coral, silk cocoon, spider web, honey comb, termite mound, mollusk shell etc. 2 B: Chordates 1. Origin and evolution of Vertebrates: Earliest Vertebrates: Jawless Ostracoderms, Early Jawed 8 Vertebrates, Evolution of Modern Fishes, Coelacanth and Tetrapods. 2. Comparative anatomy and evolution of digestive and urinogenital systems in vertebrates. 5 3. Comparative account of Skeletal system : 4 i. Form, function, body size and skeletal elements of the body ii. Comparative account of axial and appendicular skeleton 4. Comparative account of Sense organs: Olfaction and taste, hearing and balance, Lateral line system; 8 Electroreception. Paper: ZOOPG102 A: Cytology 1. Biological membrane: Structure, dynamic nature and function. 5 2. Cell organelles: 10 i. Nucleus: overview of ultrastructure and nuclear transport, Cajal bodies. ii. Mitochondria: overview of ultrastructure, respiratory complexes and ATP Synthesis. iii. Golgi Complex and Endoplasmic Reticulum: overview of ultrastructure and functions (viz. glycosylation, detoxification etc.) iv. Lysosome and peroxisome: overview of ultrastructure and function. v. Overview of other organelles: Cytoplasmic inclusions, Vacuoles, Microbodies, Weibel–Palade body, P- bodies, Vault, Proteasome. 3. Cellular adhesion and the Extracellular Matrix: Extracellular Matrix Molecules, Cellular Adhesion, Intercellular 3 Junctions. 4. Cytoskeleton and Cellular Motility: Organization of Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediary filaments; 3 Movements along Microtubules, Movement of cytoplasm driven by Actin and Myosin. 5. Cellular Trafficking: mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport. 2 6. Cell cycle: Cytological and molecular events, checkpoints and regulation. 2 B: Histology and histochemistry 1. Recognizing cells and extracellular matrix in sections, Magnification and Section Thickness, Interpreting 3 histological sections in three dimensions, Planes of Section. Interpreting the colors seen in sections, Localization of specific tissue constituents. 2. Tools in histology: Principles, design and functioning of microtomes, automated microtomes, ultra-microtome, 3 cryostat. 3. Epithelial tissue: Characteristics and basic functions of epithelial tissue, polarity, epithelial cell surface 3 modifications. Epithelial glands. 4. Connective tissue: Types and functions connective tissues (Connective Tissue Proper, reticular Tissue, Mucoid 3 Tissue). 5. Bone and cartilage: Structure and functions of bone cells, bone matrix, periosteum and endosteum; Types of 4 bone; bone growth, remodeling and repair. Types of cartilage, cartilage formation, growth, and repair. 6. Histology of organs: Thymus, Stomach, Kidney, Adrenal, Spleen. 7. Principles and methods of histochemical localization of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleoproteins and lipids in 5 tissues; General consideration of enzyme histochemistry-principles and methods. 4 || Midnapore College (Autonomous) 3 M.Sc. Zoology Syllabus 2016 Paper: ZOOPG103 A: Ecology 1. System Ecology: Biosphere and Ecosphere; Concept of ecosystem: components of ecosystem, Types of food 5 web : Connectedness, energy and functional webs; Features of food web – nodes, links, linkage density, connectance, chain length; reciprocal predatory cycle, cannibalism, omnivory. Cybernetic nature of ecosystem; stability through feedback control and through redundancy of components; resistance and resilience stability, Gaia hypothesis. 2. Community Ecology: Structure of biotic community. Abundance, frequency, relative abundance, dominance; 5 Species richness, diversity, evenness indices and dominance indices. Species diversity hypotheses. Community patterns: diversity and stability. Community boundary: ecotone and edge types, edge effect and edge species, Edge/Area ratio in relation to size, shape and fragmentation of habitat. Basic concepts of Biological invasion, Invasive species and their impact. Community Dynamics - different modes of succession and their comparison. 3. Habitat Ecology: Habitat and niche: spatial, trophic and multi-dimensional niche concepts, fundamental and realized niche, niche breadth and niche overlap. Resource partitioning and character displacement. 4 Competitive exclusion: experimental and natural evidences. Keystone species. Foundation species. Species abundance hypotheses: Random niche, niche preemption, log normal. Ecological guilds and ecological equivalents. Island Biogeography. 4. Population Ecology: Reproductive strategies: semelparity, iteroparity, r- & k- selection, Species interactions- 5 direct and indirect, positive and negative. Competition: interference, exploitation and apparent. Lotka-Voltera model of competition and predator-prey interaction. Concept of metapopulation: Levin’s model and Hanski’s theory; demes and dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations. 5. Restoration Ecology: Goal of restoration, Basic approaches, methods, and limits of restoration; general 2 principles and processes of restoration ecology. 6. Structure and function of some unique ecosystems: Coral-reef, estuary, tropical rain forest, mangrove forests. 4 B: Environmental biology and toxicology 1. Micro- and macro-environment. Homeostasis and physiological integration of animals in different 3 environmental conditions. Modification of ambient environment by animals. 2. Major biomes of the Earth. 3 3. Environmental impact assessment and environmental management plan- Definition, history, Aim, principles, 4 concept and scope. Concept of Eco-terrorism and biopiracy. 4. Bioindicators and biomarkers of environmental health. Biodegradation and bioremediation of chemicals. 4 5. Basic concept of toxicology: Scope, division, toxicants and toxicity, factors, dose- response relationship, routes 5 of exposure. Toxicity testing: Bioassays, LC50, LD50, ED50, Synergism, Antagonism, Additive Effect. Toxicants of public health hazards: Pesticides, Heavy metals, Radiation, food additives, Endocrine disruptors. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification. 6. Mode of action: chronic, natural poisons, Absorption of toxin, Mechanism, Rate of penetration, Routes of 4 absorption, Metabolism of toxin: Phase I and II reactions. 7. Genetic Toxicology: mutagens, clastogens, teratogenesis and mutagenesis; antimutagenesis. 2 Paper: ZOOPG104 A: Parasitology 1. Vector biology: Types, Ecology and transmission of parasitic diseases. 3 2. Morphology, lifecycle, mode of infection of Plasmodium, Leishmania and Schistosoma, molecular biology – 9 drug targets, mechanism of drug resistance. 3. Immune evasion and biochemical adaptations of parasites; Antigenic variation in Trypanosomes. 3 4. Immunity against Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and Ascaris. 5. Parasite treatment and control: Importance of understanding parasite life cycles for effective treatment and 6 control, Properties of an ‘ideal’ antiparasitic drug or treatment regime, Vaccines against parasitic diseases. 4 B: Immunology 1. Overview of the Immune System: Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the immune system. 1 2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Overview and features. Neutrophil and macrophage function. Inflammation. 2 NK cell, dendritic cell, Cross-talk between innate and adaptive immune system. 3. Antigen and Antibody: Immunogenicity versus antigenicity, factors influencing immunogenicity. Antigen 7 presenting molecule (MHC) and antigen