GROUNDWATER QUALITY SERIES: GWQS/ 10/2007-2008 STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN INDIA -Part-II CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS) Website: www.cpcb.nic.in e-mail: [email protected] April, 2008 GROUNDWATER QUALITY SERIES: GWQS/ 10/2007-2008 STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN INDIA Part - II CPCB CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India) Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar Delhi – 110 032 Website: www.cpcb.nic.in e-mail: [email protected] ii iii CONTRIBUTIONS Guidance, Planning, and Dr. B. Sengupta, Member Secretary Principal Coordinators Dr. R. C. Trivedi, Additional Director Project Coordination, Dr. Sanjeev Agrawal, Scientist `C’ Report Compilation & Ms. Pramila Gupta; JRF Preparation PAMS Division, CPCB, Delhi. Monitoring & Analysis of I) National Institute of Hydrology, Groundwater Samples in Roorkee Metropolitan Cities II) Pollution Control Research Institute (PCRI, BHEL), Haridwar, Uttarakhand. III) Pollution Control Cell, Thane Munucipal Corporation (TMC), Thane. iv CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 METROPOLITAN CITIES 2.1 Faridabad 2.2 Delhi 2.3 Jaipur 2.4 Bhopal 2.5 Indore 2.6 Jabalpur 2.7 Nagpur 2.8 Nasik 2.9 Pune 2.10 Bangalore 2.11 Hyderabad 2.12 Vishakhapatnam 2.13 Patna 2.14 Kochi 2.15 Ahmedabad 2.16 Rajkot 2.17 Surat 2.18 Vadodara 2.19 Asansol 2.20 Dhanbad 2.21 Jamshedpur 2.22 Kolkata 2.23 Amritsar 2.24 Kanpur 2.25 Allahabad 2.26 Varanasi 2.27 Mumbai 3.0 EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY 3.1 Sampling and Preservation 3.2 Chemicals and Reagents 3.3 Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Analysis 3.4 Metal Ion Analysis 3.5 Pesticide and PAH Analysis 4.0 GROUND WATER QUALITY v 4.1 Drinking Water Specifications 4.2 Irrigation Water Quality Criteria 4.3 Classification of Ground Water 4.3.1 Piper Trilinear Classification 4.3.2 Chadha’s Diagram 4.3.3 Durov’s Diagram 4.3.4 U.S. Salinity Laboratory Classification 4.3.5 Gupta’s Classification 5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Faridabad 5.2 Delhi 5.3 Jaipur 5.4 Bhopal 5.5 Indore 5.6 Jabalpur 5.7 Nagpur 5.8 Nasik 5.9 Pune 5.10 Bangalore 5.11 Hyderabad 5.12 Vishakhapatnam 5.13 Patna 5.14 Kochi 5.15 Ahmedabad 5.16 Rajkot 5.17 Surat 5.18 Vadodara 5.19 Asansol 5.20 Dhanbad 5.21 Jamshedpur 5.22 Kolkata 5.23 Amritsar 5.24 Kanpur 5.25 Allahabad 5.26 Varanasi 5.27 Mumbai 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 8.0 REFERENCES vi LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Title 5.1.1. The study area showing location of sampling sites (Metropolitan City - Faridabad) 5.1.2(a&b). TDS distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Fariadabad (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.3(a&b). Alkalinity distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.4(a&b). Hardness distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.5(a&b). Calcium distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.6(a&b). Magnesium distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.7(a&b). Chloride distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.8(a&b). Sulphate distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.9(a&b). Nitrate distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.10(a&b). Fluoride distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.11. Distribution of iron at different sampling locations 5.1.12. Distribution of manganese at different sampling locations 5.1.13. Distribution of copper at different sampling locations 5.1.15. Distribution of chromium at different sampling locations 5.1.16. Distribution of lead at different sampling locations 5.1.17. Distribution of cadmium at different sampling locations 5.1.18. Distribution of zinc at different sampling locations 5.1.19. Piper trilinear diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.1.20. Piper trilinear diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.21. Chadha’s diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.1.22. Chadha’s diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.23. Durov plot showing chemical character of ground water in vii Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.1.24 Durov plot showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.1.25. U.S. Salinity Laboratory Classification in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.1.26. U.S. Salinity Laboratory Classification in ground water of Metropolitan City – Faridabad (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.1. The study area showing location of sampling sites (Metropolitan City - Delhi) 5.2.2(a&b). TDS distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.3(a&b). Alkalinity distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.4(a&b). Hardness distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.5(a&b). Calcium distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.6(a&b). Magnesium distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.7(a&b). Chloride distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.8(a&b). Sulphate distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.9(a&b). Nitrate distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.10(a&b). Fluoride distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.11. Distribution of iron at different sampling locations 5.2.12. Distribution of manganese at different sampling locations 5.2.13. Distribution of copper at different sampling locations 5.2.15. Distribution of chromium at different sampling locations 5.2.16. Distribution of lead at different sampling locations 5.2.17. Distribution of cadmium at different sampling locations 5.2.18. Distribution of zinc at different sampling locations 5.2.19. Piper trilinear diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.2.20. Piper trilinear diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Delhi (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.21. Chadha’s diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.2.22. Chadha’s diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Delhi (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.23. Durov plot showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.2.24 Durov plot showing chemical character of ground water in viii Metropolitan City – Delhi (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.2.25. U.S. Salinity Laboratory Classification in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.2.26. U.S. Salinity Laboratory Classification in ground water of Metropolitan City – Delhi (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.1. The study area showing location of sampling sites (Metropolitan City - Jaipur) 5.3.2(a&b). TDS distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.3(a&b). Alkalinity distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.4(a&b). Hardness distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.5(a&b). Calcium distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.6(a&b). Magnesium distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.7(a&b). Chloride distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.8(a&b). Sulphate distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.9(a&b). Nitrate distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.10(a&b). Fluoride distribution in ground water of Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre- and Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.11. Distribution of iron at different sampling locations 5.3.12. Distribution of manganese at different sampling locations 5.3.13. Distribution of copper at different sampling locations 5.3.15. Distribution of chromium at different sampling locations 5.3.16. Distribution of lead at different sampling locations 5.3.17. Distribution of cadmium at different sampling locations 5.3.18. Distribution of zinc at different sampling locations 5.3.19. Piper trilinear diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.3.20. Piper trilinear diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.21. Chadha’s diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.3.22. Chadha’s diagram showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.23. Durov plot showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Pre-monsoon 2004) 5.3.24 Durov plot showing chemical character of ground water in Metropolitan City – Jaipur (Post-monsoon 2004) 5.3.25.