西 南 交 通 大 学 学 报 第 55 卷 第 1 期 Vol. 55 No. 1 JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY 2020 年 2 月 Feb. 2020 ISSN: 0258-2724 DOI：10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.1.48. Research article Social Sciences FIQH PLURALISM: COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF NURKHOLISH MADJID IDEAS REGARDING HERMENEUTICS 菲克多元主义：关于血液学的营养性疯子思想的综合分析 Ahmad Hasan Ridwan Faculty of Sharia and Law, Islamic State of Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia Abstract The idea of Cak Nur (Nurkholish Madjid)in the history of Islamic thought is a complex actual problem. His ideas can be portrayed in two ways, namely pure science and applied science. In the area of "pure science," inclusive hermeneutics is a unique basis for the idea of pluralism. Inclusive hermeneutics views pluralism as a product of a new intellectual tradition. The new intellectual tradition certainly brings a change agenda in the process of the historical continuity of thought in Indonesia. The purpose of this article is to analyze the inclusive hermeneutics of Cak Nur in the concept of fiqh pluralism. The conclusion of this article is that Cak Nur is able to conduct various discourses over the boundaries of normativity so that he can enter the universal realm. This can be seen in the discourse on religions and culture. Cak Nur can break through the barriers that exist in these two problems by trying to dialogue the meeting point of the equation. As a scholar, Cak Nur took this position so that he could sit together with other scientists from various cultures and different beliefs to dialogue and discuss a problem objectively. In the area of applied science, there is an internal influence regarding Islam. This area must be held by Cak Nur because if someone has offered a value, he will enter the element of subjectivity. In studying Islam, he became a Muslim scholar who enlightened byhis flexibility and scientific authority. Keywords: Pluralism, Hermeneutics, Appropriation, Integration 摘要 伊斯兰思想史上的卡克努尔（纽霍什·马吉德）的想法是一个复杂的实际问题。他的思想可 以用两种方式来描绘，即纯科学和应用科学。在“纯科学”领域，包容性诠释学是多元主义思想 的独特基础。包容性诠释学将多元主义视为新的知识传统的产物。新的知识传统无疑在印度尼西 亚思想的历史连续性过程中带来了变革议程。本文的目的是要分析卡克努尔在多元主义概念中的 包容性诠释学。本文的结论是，卡克·努尔（卡克努尔）能够在规范性的边界上进行各种论述，从 而能够进入普遍领域。这可以在关于宗教和文化的论述中看到。通过尝试与等式的交点进行对话 ，卡克努尔可以突破这两个问题中存在的障碍。作为学者，卡克努尔（卡克努尔）担任这个职位 ，以便他可以与来自不同文化和不同信仰的其他科学家一起坐下来，客观地对话和讨论问题。在 应用科学领域，伊斯兰教产生了内部影响。卡克努尔必须拥有该区域，因为如果有人提供了价值 2 Ridwan / Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University / Vol. 55 No. 1 Feb. 2020 ，那么他将输入主观性元素。在学习伊斯兰教时，他成为一名穆斯林学者，他的灵活和科学权威 为他带来了启发。 关键词: 多元化，诠释学，挪用，整合 I. INTRODUCTION certain to occupy the position of objectivity flow. Nurcholish Madjid (Cak Nur) was a That is because of the influence of neo- professional intellectual thinker, who enlightened modernism, which Fazlur Rahman adheres to. Indonesian intellectuals. His thoughts are quite By using the following hermeneutic complicated to read and understandfor critical mechanism, the analytical framework can be used readers (many who oppose orsupport him) or to clarify the position and typology of Cak Nur's even for many researchers who make various neo-modernism. First, “objectivation through typologies about his thinking. Through special structural analysis,” which reveals a vehicle and a hermeneutics, Cak Nur's thoughts can be text space. The text is interpreted as “any analyzed to describe ideas and concepts engraved discourse fixed by writing,”in other words, a in his best work, especially in the socio-political discourse that is fixed in the text [3]. Text means and religious context in Indonesia. fixation or institutionalization of oral discourse Dozens of his works on modernism, events, which are fixed to the written format. Cak secularism, humanity, civilization, and pluralism Nur through his worksexplains himself. contain noble values through enlightened ideas Therefore, Cak Nur's writings are considered to and thoughts. It was the impression of admiration be objective. The implication is that hermeneutics that created the space of thinking between has a duty to push the reader to a decision. thinkers in Indonesia. In fact, the collection of Hermeneutika also requires the reader to be ideas coming out of Cak Nur's works is very touched by Cak Nur's ideas. In principle, the influential on the constellation of thought in reader must be open, so that the greeting text Indonesia. That is why his thoughts received a lot belongs to the category “la chose du texte,”which of appreciation from his admirers, and there were is a world of texts. Secondly, objectivation is lots of reactions from various groups [1]. continued through the appearance of various Cak Nur's thoughts can be studied works of Cak Nur given by distancing from the historically-critically through the hermeneutics author (distanciation from the author) [4]. method. The method integrates historical-critical The process of imprisonment does not only aspects of the relationship between Cak Nur's occur between the author and the reader. social aspects with the product of his thought and Imprisonment occurs in the context of speech socio-political and philosophical assumptions, (distanciation from the context) [3]. In this stage, both explicitly and implicitly, which are the basis the reader is shown in the effort to find the of tendencies in his theological aspects. Cak structuring model (which is formed in the textual Nur's ideas are portrayed as typical Indonesian order) and strategy of forming implicit meanings. Muslim thoughts. Fazlur Rahman expressed Cak Third, it is self-understanding (la compréhension Nur's thoughts as follows [2]: first, the flow of de soi), i.e., an effort to study various works of subjectivity (subjectivity school); hermeneutics is Cak Nur,which lead to the self-interpretation of used to solve social problems, free people from the perpetrators, so that they understand oppression, and liberate women's groups. themselves better. Appropriation is aprocess of Humans become the center of existence of turning something foreign into one's own. subjective-existential constellation (context as the Hermeneutics has the main objective of subject absorbs the Qur'an as an object).Second, appropriation (hermeneutical arch) or span of the flow of objectivity (objectivity school);the hermeneutics,which stretches from the objective use of hermeneutics to pay attention to the and subjective sides [5]. present aspect of human historicity by not being Appropriation works by reviewing repeated involved in the subjective-existential experience texts so that new horizons can be opened. By the of the man himself. existence of self-understanding, readers keep The historicity of the text (Al-Qur'an) is their distance from themselves as self-criticism, understood objectively and does not fit into the and various presuppositions of the interpreter as uniqueness of its past context (the Qur'an as an the subject. The proposition has the support of object absorbs the context as the subject). This the reality in which the existence of interpreters flow was developed by Fazlur Rahman [2]. As occupies space and is not empty. Interpreters of for determining the position of Cak Nur, he is the text always involve a number of prejudices 3 entered in the text. This is one dimension of the humanity and Islamic universalism with the hermeneutical circle [6]. The ongoing process is a principle of “rahmatan lil'alamin,”which has a deconstruction activity in the presupposition, cosmopolitan-modern character. The inclusive which always prevents openness to various works theology means openness to other religions and of Cak Nur. The next stage is the effort to strongly rejects exclusivism and absolutism. This reconstruct historical space, where the text was inclusive theology also gives a high appreciation born, which includes knowledge systems, of pluralism. worldview, ideology, and interest, so that it requires ideological criticism to describe B. Integration of Islam and Indonesia something in the writer's subconscious to change “Discovering Indonesianism” is Cak Nur's discourse, i.e., explanatory and can be thinking about the integration of Islam and scientifically verified. Indonesia. Cak Nur in his writingsmentionedaneed for a clear frame of II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS reference regarding Indonesia. He refused the idea that Indonesia was only based on primordial A. Objectivation of Nurcholish Madjid's Ideas ties. He also rejected the emotional ties based on Modernization is one of the big problems, the chauvinism of regionalism and romanticism which afflicts developing countries. In most in Indonesia's “past” glory; this was conveyed by cases, modernization is understood to be the same Mohammad Yamin [8]. For Cak Nur, one of the as westernization. In fact, these two terms have theological problems of Indonesian Muslims is different meanings and pressures but have how Muslims do not experience split personality similarities about the problem of change. The in seeing themselves as Muslims and Indonesian change comes from three terms, i.e., citizens on the other side. According to him, development, modernization, and westernization. Indonesian values actually cannot be separated. Development has the characteristics of the In fact, politically, Pancasila is a sawa and mutual prosperity of growth in the economic sector in agreement between each tribe and culture in developing countries, which is included in equity Indonesia. Therefore, the problem of Indonesia and equality. Westernization is interpreted as a has a close relationship with the moral and ethical process of transferring Western values into character formed by education. It is also aresult developing countries. The terminology of of education,which gives awareness to a number modernization is more interpreted as a process of of people to pioneer the national struggle, open the total change in all fields, including social, the way to independence, and, most profoundly, economic, political, and also thought. hold a youth congress, which results in the Youth This fact encouraged the governments of Pledge [9]. developing countries, including Indonesia,to Then, in other writings, he stated that at the modernize various sectors. Indonesian Muslims current level of development, the Indonesian have an awareness of the importance of people had grown convincingly into a “nation.” modernization.