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University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8403580 Stokes, DeVon Renard NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: RACE, GENDER, SOCIAL CLASS, WORLD VIEW AND THE PONS TEST; IMPLICATIONS FOR THE THERAPEUTIC DYAD The Ohio State University PH.D. 1983 University Microfilms InterncltlOncll 300 N.Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml48106 Copyright 1984 by Stokes, DeVon Renard All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or pages 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages tx 8. Print exceeds margin requirements 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print 11. Page(s) lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages 15. Other ' University Microfilms International NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: RACE, GENDER, SOCIAL CLASS, WORLD VIEW AND THE PONS TEST; IMPLICATIONS FOR THE THERAPEUTIC DYAD DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By DeVon Renard Stokes, B.A., M.A. * * * * The Ohio State University 1983 Reading Committee: Approved By W. Bruce Walsh, Chairman Charles M. Galloway Linda J. Myers Andrew I. Schwebel <U W.udL \:iAJ* Adviser Department of Psychology To my family and Raymond A. Winbush i i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. Charles M. Galloway for sharing his insight and knowledge in nonverbal communication. I am grateful to Dr. Linda J. Myers for her wisdom and guidance throughout my graduate experience. I would like to thank Dr. Andrew I. Schwebel for giving me the freedom to "express myself," and for encouraging me to maximize my research potential. Dr. W. Bruce Walsh, I am deeply thankful for his understanding of the process as well as the content and for supporting me in creating new channels of learning. I am grateful to Dr. Frank W. Hale and the Office of Aca­ demic Affairs, Herbert A. Toops Committee and the Department of Psychology, and Dr. James M. Jones and the American Psycho­ logical Association for their financial support in making this dissertation possible. iii VITA January 25, 1956 Born - San Diego, California EDUCATION; 1983 The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Doctorate of Philosophy, Clinical Psychology, expected December 1983. Chairman: W. Bruce Walsh. 1981 The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Master of Arts, Clinical Psychology, Chairman: Andrew I. Schwebel. 1977 Oakwood College, Huntsville, Alabama. Bachelor of Arts, Psychology. Advisor: Raymond A. Winbush. SUPPLEMENTARY GRADUATE STUDIES SPONSORED THROUGH VARIOUS SCHOLARSHIPS: 1982 Duke University, Statistics, Summer. Instructor: Gregory Zimet. 1982 University of Chicago, Race Relations, Winter. Professor: Edgar G. Epps, Marshall Field IV Professor of Urban Education. 1981 University of Michigan, Religion and Psychology, Summer. Professor: Richard Mann. 1981 Oxford University, Nonverbal Communication, Spring. Research Official: Peter Collett 1980 Harvard University, Nonverbal Communication, Spring. Professor: Robert Rosenthal. 1979 Harvard University, Clinical and Personality Psychology, Summer. Professors: Daniel Perschonok and Kalman J. Kaplan. iv TEACHING AND RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: 1980-1983 The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Teaching Associate. 1979 Jan Kiecolt, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Research Assistant. 1978 Gwen Gilbert, Ph.D., Director of the Center for Change and Leadership, Columbus Urban League, Columbus, Ohio. Research Assistant. 1977-1978 Linda J. Myers, Ph.D., Director of the Human Service Program, Institute for Black Community Research and Development, Columbus, Ohio. Research Assistant. 1976-1977 Raymond A. Winbush, Ph.D., Chairman, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Oakwood College, Huntsville, Alabama. Reader/Teaching Assistant. CLINICAL EXPERIENCE: 1983- Irvine Counseling Center, Irvine, California, present Pre-doctoral internship (APA accredited). 1983 Columbus Area Mental Health Center, Columbus, Ohio. Emergency Services Counselor. 1982-1983 Southeast Community Mental Health Center, Columbus, Ohio. Emergency Services Counselor. 1982-1983 Harding Hospital, Worthington, Ohio, and 1979 Psychiatric Technician. 1981-1982 Linda J. Myers, Ph.D., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Individual Counseling Practicum. 1980 Keeping Educationally and Metally Alert (KEMA) Consulting Agency, Columbus, Ohio. Intern. 1979 Jo Murray, Ph.D., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Clinical Practicum. v 1983 Outstanding Academic Achievement, The Ohio State University. 1983 Herbert A. Toops Dissertation Research Award, OSU Psychology. 1983 Outstanding Young Man of America, U.S. Jaycees. 1982 Nominated for Junior Fellowship, Society of Fellows, Harvard Univesity. 1982 Recommended for Fulbright-Hayes Award to Oxford University by OSU. 1982 Outstanding Student Achievement, San Diego, California. 1982 Outstanding Academic Performance, The Ohio State University. 1982 Nominated for The Ohio State University Service Award. 1982 CIC Traveling Scholar to the University of Chicago. 1982 Academic Scholarship, American Psychological Association. 1981 CIC Traveling Scholar to the University of Michigan. 1981 Academic Scholarship, American Psychological Association. 1981 The Ohio State University Graduate School Leader­ ship Award. 1981 Tuition Scholarship to Oxford University by its Department of Experimental Pyschology. 1980 Outstanding Student Accomplishments, San Diego, California. 1980 Outstanding Young Scholar, The Association of Black Psychologists. vi 1979- Fellow, American Psychological Association. 1983 1977- Fellow, The Ohio State University Clinical 1979 Psychology. Psi Chi National Honorary Society. PUBLICATIONS; 1983 Nonverbal Communication and Channel Perception: Their Relationship to the Afrocentric World View. Journal of Black Psychology (in press). 1983 Nonverbal Communication: Its Relationship to the Black/White Therapeutic Dyad. Dissertation Thesis. The Ohio State University. 1981 Stress and Identity Among Black Males. Master's Thesis. The Ohio State University. 1980 The PONS Test: Its Effect on Levels of Black Awareness. A Pilot Study. Harvard University. 1979 Myers/Stokes Awareness Inventory (MSAI). In W. Cross and A. Harrison (Eds.), The Fourth Conference on Empirical Research in Black Psychology. Cornell University: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). 1979 Stress vs. Identity Among Black Males. In W. Cross and A. Harrison (Eds.), The Fourth Conference on Empirical Research in Black Psychology. Cornell University: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). 1977 An Empirical Reconsideration on the Concept of Iden­ tity. The Journal of the Association of Adventists Behavioral Scientists. 1, 63-67. PRESENTATIONS: August 9-14, 1983 Nonverbal Communication: Its Relationship to the Black/White Therapeutic Dyad with a Case Study on a Nigerian Sample. Paper presented at the Association of Black Psychologists National Convention, Washington, D.C. vi i May 24, 1983 Nonverbal Communication