2018 CanLIIDocs 10575 2018 CanLIIDocs 10575 LEGAL KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2018 CanLIIDocs 10575 Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications The book series Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications (FAIA) covers all aspects of theoretical and applied Artificial Intelligence research in the form of monographs, selected doctoral dissertations, handbooks and proceedings volumes. The FAIA series contains several sub-series, including ‘Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases’ and ‘Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems’. It also includes the biennial European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) proceedings volumes, and other EurAI (European Association for Artificial 2018 CanLIIDocs 10575 Intelligence, formerly ECCAI) sponsored publications. The series has become a highly visible platform for the publication and dissemination of original research in this field. Volumes are selected for inclusion by an international editorial board of well-known scholars in the field of AI. All contributions to the volumes in the series have been peer reviewed. The FAIA series is indexed in ACM Digital Library; DBLP; EI Compendex; Google Scholar; Scopus; Web of Science: Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science (CPCI-S) and Book Citation Index – Science (BKCI-S); Zentralblatt MATH. Series Editors: J. Breuker, N. Guarino, J.N. Kok, J. Liu, R. López de Mántaras, R. Mizoguchi, M. Musen, S.K. Pal and N. Zhong Volume 313 Recently published in this series Vol. 312. T. Endrjukaite, A. Dudko, H. Jaakkola, B. Thalheim, Y. Kiyoki and N. Yoshida (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXX Vol. 311. M. Coeckelbergh, J. Loh, M. Funk, J. Seibt and M. Nørskov (Eds.), Envisioning Robots in Society – Power, Politics, and Public Space – Proceedings of Robophilosophy 2018 / TRANSOR 2018 Vol. 310. N. Petkov, N. Strisciuglio and C. Travieso-González (Eds.), Applications of Intelligent Systems – Proceedings of the 1st International APPIS Conference 2018 Vol. 309. A.J. Tallón-Ballesteros and K. Li (Eds.), Fuzzy Systems and Data Mining IV – Proceedings of FSDM 2018 Vol. 308. Z. Falomir, K. Gibert and E. Plaza (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence Research and Development – Current Challenges, New Trends and Applications Vol. 307. K. Muischnek and K. Müürisep (Eds.), Human Language Technologies – The Baltic Perspective – Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference Baltic HLT 2018 Vol. 306. S. Borgo, P. Hitzler and O. Kutz (Eds.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems – Proceedings of the 10th International Conference (FOIS 2018) Vol. 305. S. Modgil, K. Budzynska and J. Lawrence (Eds.), Computational Models of Argument – Proceedings of COMMA 2018 ISSN 0922-6389 (print) ISSN 1879-8314 (online) Legal Knowledge and Information Systems JURIX 2018: The Thirty-first Annual Conference 2018 CanLIIDocs 10575 Edited by Monica Palmirani University of Bologna, CIRSFID, Italy Amsterdam • Berlin • Washington, DC © 2018 The authors and IOS Press. This book is published online with Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0). ISBN 978-1-61499-934-8 (print) ISBN 978-1-61499-935-5 (online) Library of Congress Control Number: 2018963896 Publisher IOS Press BV 2018 CanLIIDocs 10575 Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam Netherlands fax: +31 20 687 0019 e-mail: [email protected] For book sales in the USA and Canada: IOS Press, Inc. 6751 Tepper Drive Clifton, VA 20124 USA Tel.: +1 703 830 6300 Fax: +1 703 830 2300 [email protected] LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS v Preface We are delighted to present the proceedings volume of the 31st International Confer- ence on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX 2018). For more than three decades, JURIX has organized an annual international conference for academics and practitioners, recently also including demos and a hackathon. The intention is to 2018 CanLIIDocs 10575 create a virtuous exchange of knowledge between theoretical research and applications in concrete legal use-cases. JURIX is also a good community where different skills work together to advance research by way of cross-fertilisation between law and com- puter technologies. The JURIX conferences have been held under the auspices of the Dutch Founda- tion for Legal Knowledge Based Systems (www.jurix.nl). It has been hosted in a varie- ty of European locations, extending the borders of its action and becoming an interna- tional conference in virtue of the the various nationalities of its participants and at- tendees. The 2018 edition of JURIX, which runs from December 12 to 14, is hosted by the Faculty of Law and the Department of Artificial Intelligence in the Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence of the Faculty of Science and Engineering of the University of Groningen. JURIX 2018 is organised in coopera- tion with the Dutch Research School for Information and Knowledge Systems (SIKS). Special thanks go to Jeanne Mifsud Bonnici, Henry Prakken, and Bart Verheij and to their team for inviting us, hosting the event, and making this conference possible (http://jurix2018.ai.rug.nl). For this edition we have received 72 submissions by 221 authors from 26 coun- tries; 17 of these submissions were selected for publication as full papers (10 pages each) and 11 as short papers (five pages each), for a total of 28 presentations. We were inclusive in making our selection, but the competition stiff and the submissions were put through a rigorous review process with an acceptance rate of 38.8%. Borderline submissions, including those that received widely divergent marks, were accepted as short papers only. The accepted papers have been grouped under six headings: (i) Machine Learning for the Legal Domain, a session presenting different methodologies and theoretical models applied to legislative texts and case-law (seven full papers and two short pa- pers); (ii) Legal Reasoning and Argumentation, a session that ranges from theoretical aspects and demonstrations (three full papers and four short papers); (iii) Legal Knowledge Extraction, a session that presents natural-language processing of text for detecting terms, principles, concepts, evidence, rules, and named entities, and also speech in chatbots (two full papers and two short papers); (iv) Legal Knowledge Re- trieval, a session focused on the answer-and-query approach (two full papers); (v) Le- gal Knowledge Modelling and Visualization, devoted to Semantic Web techniques, such as legal thesauri and ontologies (three full papers and one short paper); and (vi) Legal Blockchain, a session that has been growing in significance for several years in the workshop area, and now gains entry into the main conference (two full papers, one short paper). vi This year we are honoured to have Marie-Francine Moens, full professor in the Department of Computer Science at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, director of the Language Intelligence and Information Retrieval (LIIR) Research Lab, member of the Human Computer Interaction Group, and head of the Informatics section. She is a well- known researcher who experiments with novel methods for automated content recogni- tion in text and multimedia, using statistical machine learning and exploiting insights from linguistic and cognitive theory. She has also successfully applied these techniques to the legal domain. Also noteworthy is that the ethical aspects are increasingly relevant in big data and AI applications. For this reason we have asked to Jeroen van den Hoven to provide us with an overview of the ethical issues that emerge in connection with the use of emerg- 2018 CanLIIDocs 10575 ing technologies. He is full professor of Ethics and Technology at the Delft University of Technology and editor in chief of Ethics and Information Technology. We are very grateful to them for having accepted our invitation and for their inter- esting and inspiring talks. Since 2013, JURIX has also hosted the Doctoral Consortium, now in its sixth edi- tion. This initiative aims to attract and promote Ph.D. researchers in the area of AI & Law so as to enrich the community with original and fresh contributions. Many thanks are owed to Pompeu Casanovas, Ugo Pagallo, and Giovanni Sartor for organising the consortium this year, helped by other senior scholars. As the previous editions, also this year the conference is growing richer with six co-located workshops. With long-running workshop like AICOL and LDA, we are continuing the TeReCom event and are hosting four new initiatives: XAILA, Legal Design, ManyLaws, and Legal Data Analytic Hackathon. The Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and the Complexity of Legal Systems (AICOL), now in its tenth edition, is a stable event whose aim is to cut across multiple disciplines so as to examine the complexity of legal systems. The LDA workshop on Legal Data Analysis of the Central European Institute of Legal Informatics (CEILI), at its fifth edition, is devoted to the representation and analysis of legal data and docu- ments, and to reasoning on such data and documents, using corpora and information systems. The second edition of the Workshop on Technologies for Regulatory Compliance provides a forum for discussion of research on technologies for regulatory compliance on the basis of Semantic Web and Artificial Intelligence techniques. This workshop is supported by the LYNX European project: Building