REVTEW ARIIbLE : Eltory of !|G.Uctn.- l As \Rroru of 'he b.om,nE rh. h.srory or m.drh.. Alrordhe ro Urr_6or.gcr,,'he .h. nBt .\,de.. oI lhe .hs.m.. or nn wds found in lhe ,ow trown 6 ( ro-Maqnon m6n bc..u* !h4r fnarc v.,F nrd drs.derd rn tne cm. MaArcn /rq.s of Dordogre, F\dce *.s" FEnce.,\.r. ll ::j- "j_,1. j*:.d T re a few pr h,srodc p,.ru,c5 or md $e n.u.,d a,1o wac.r mrdn h. ma_ ou, .,or ue .rirk.r bepn6 wr.r. n r".- * *- *. !"i r, ord or m.drur. mr u. tnow no.h,rc hl! arLqres \6 no " "oou. b., auJ. Ltrere frinE rt lrrr lxr^ Bur wc .M drualrs" rha, rh,q m ol $lac. dd guidac t6r his m@ rb dbe4. and caldtr. .1d-l: i.ililji:111" ."1 , rhi/ Ndfd many tu $ urtur 4 e ,rdtrul.d w. k, M rtur ,hF ln or Eaxbmrh.r rspe., besr d. noFc, + Je; "d.nrsis ror $e,. honrr nr.nrjor to d em.he hrh. rr rh. sdenilslc wouid iD>rrn car. 16 s,udv rh. *fnunr v.R" or rh. Hoty Suran (23:r2-t4 qnd 3l:13), !h.y.outd , ohe ro .om,I nrhmn ot hunm Fpro.u.uon rc, rudc6 berore. 'r,\c do.ro'" )r-hatodr dtb.Ner.d nry dtug- m{ of qhti h were us.tes Bu, rhe r6cr bed muv u*t6e dr /'t''rn'luN ral}ldofDbdemll,en6ry :*;- ;;;.;;Ji"i'3s'nrhe rhe ."r ,,.,"am'aopb stuud uD s,e "r" "*.r,_ r.. r,i *";;; ;i;:;;;- No i.6rd of htstory of tudrche rs .vdtable unt soud 3ooo B_c. or a!9ui SOoo ESDrb calddd w6 bds.d '€c n dm*'J noL dy dal. Dunng .h. tule o, trxr€ zGrr tdbou, 29OO.2a00 B..r or srd djm,*y * ,-o." 'h. "*" rr,. ,,^r physrrjan or . wo,td soou a&o fs cgo Lne Mrld rdw ix. nd phF.r.n or !h. mrto n Esrp;.. Ftlst Pty8lcl'r of tt. wortd : mfi'TrjP he wc ilre son or an dchilccr who was a masre. bu d€r. Hrs trdNt.dEe or b!{dr.€ hgh*nna obLrn-d rioh h. fa'her s6 h,, /l^t radccLon otr or he .r'uest sdlrrs oI rbe wortd dd w6 FnM.d s, dbe ol [6lpr mo,e! rnm b.cme lhe bjeh pri.5t ald rhe crBd v er of fi. royat coun. Bedd€s,.he vas the chkr na8tdd and hsce the plsicran paple be.aDse like the cro nulnon !h. MOmt Eo/p '4 also r.gcrd.d Lne na€rc.m and $oreF 6 p4)s'cranl pness srpposed ro pNRs mu"r, ,or"r,l poii r.opr" b rd rh2r rh. dsax w6 €Lrd b{ rh. muenc. or .d ,pr,;. ." p;.,r ..." nosl suitablc peBo's ;; ro fuhr agdnsl drsae. rn thts comecrion tr may be menr,on€d rr"r-h_rhe o, pha@hs, rcu.s Egnrlan marctatu uo {rF,s pl4rd vtraj we -otd rc16 hd ,n,h€ Holy gud 0.( 5z /3r rh. nch bawed ooph rh maA.. wr do no kns Bhft dhdtuh,srl).ibur rh"E 35 b nd doubi that our lDho!€p ws such a magicd tn ll,e cou.l or king zosor Hts iitlude ri the douit €n wen b. baghed by thc uues b€rowed npon hh by rh. Royal DAcr... All hr6 pf bgelne, su b. mhor.p'1dy chffJudg.. oveBeir o rhe '[les 'he xhgh ..cords, B@r ol the Roy?r Sear. Crnef or arl ft. wdks of the kbg. $€ supeFrer of lhat wbrch hear.n bdnEs. the Fdh deates. dd th. Nti. br !F; dd tne su?eNbor oI d.ryiling 1! lhrs entr& brd. I6pn€ of such a hrEh posnion ud power, accodr.C 1o. voy uttL rs klwn abour his acrv{y as a phyddh rhough w. hu much horc about his our.r works, Hts most hDortant Mrk qas t})c bundbg or ftc ord.sl tno! th. brgg60 D'''eid ar hodcm sakkatah red th€ rura or old M.mphrs. H ie grear prrmrd ot chk dlrlDg th. Folrth Dlndry. Tbrs inrholep rs older rban the sphr*- th. slon€ ponrdl of chepEn krng Th€ pyramld of Sald{dan w6 onsltuct.d ulon tne gnv. or hls msr.r IdnE zos.r. 'D.ep to th. royal lomb ft a *d6 ol undd etuund stoE mm cut in soltd rocks, filled wrlh truns md grarn h baskets s.ardd c'Ih cray @ lhe $allnEs or whkh r}le rotEl mft ot sd m be ftad. The* Iunerar orTednSs h&e lah rb.rc wlrh rheir unbrok n seab lot ct6e on :,000 ,tGl (sajd 19591.{ Ibnobp v4 buned ned rh€ c[y of Mmphts bur hb grav. has not y.l been dtscd.r.d- All rh. abee tlJoruuos were obrahed lrcm rnsrlDttms found h rhe prr$rds. Ir i. pbbablc rlEr wh€! n|s bmb ull b. rlscftrcd much @.e or r s actrvrues 6 physr€ru lEJ b. knom and hrs crtu of bc].! fte n.s! ph'€tcran or $e worrd hay bd connmed. some or (h. medical trcalies or pnpyri ar. sdbed ro his autnoiry bor norhh4 rs d.Ihrt ly knom 6 yer. ancr d..th hrs rcpuranon conrhu.d ro Emw dd lemplcs ,... .aised l! his hono!.. Th.€e t@plcs w burlr ri hrs honour ar Mm)phrs, Theb€ a'd Pr'ira€ {wergarl. r9r3).5 Thc nct lwo I'av. been d.srrqed ed o.ry t,l. lasl one suruived h rhe island of Phirae ld up the Nne but has @ be.n subtr4rg€d du. to t e eBttuctlon of Asuan dd n€ar It. I! th.* tcmpl.s wnbh wcrc l]k rudlD.ntary hospnars, pau.Dts used to come to voBhrp lmnotc! dd pny to hlm for oldr cure. DurinE rhe creat r(4n DF*E (1500 B-cl a special rue becmc poprlar among rh. dthN of t}l€ ruw dpfar oI Theb6. b poDr ub,!o. our ot $ rusr rmous scdbc. lrtr}lorcp AbouL tooo years an.r hts d.ati at dbout tbe he ot lrrrg Nebu-chadnds oI the old Testamdnt, lmhoLep w6 dc6dd s a god. Ibt6 @ d !mq"e honour lor dy non-rcyrl pe6oMge ol d.rent F,ADL H. *s woFhlped tn EOd tnl 400 A.D. At about 500 B C. (2500 ytds a46 hrs dath) shen th. P.Brds rlvaded E6lpr. rohorep had becoor reognrsed as the goil ot Medrcinc hdrrg .qual alk vrlh Palh and seknmef the rso other go.ts ol Mdplr16. aftcr tx. conqu.sr try arc@jnai cft.ks, his l1mc v6 changed to Oreek word hollter and u*d lo b. EEdd.d iquaj[y wrlh th€ Crc.k h.aling dcity Askl.pros. Thrs sh(m ttre rlrmGe rr*uge hc hcld ftn outstd. Eg.pr. Flm th. dltcrent trcares nmed a4er the rnsc<reF Miy rnfdmaties arc a€rlable. Frcm ur. Edw,n smrth Pabrus {1700 B.c, ft rs roud &at in t}. idipl* or hhor€p. ttre prrcsts rscd to work their hcaxng merd ,n the nam. of th.rr Eod Imnotep and lGcdb. drfferenl medrcs.rh. Ed{,h sottn PapFs dcsc.lbed, fony e€hr hjlrtes, pounds dd bhkd bon.s, togelh.r wtth th. rEatment glv6 ard ti€ magrc foFiula used. Th€. paptd w.re the ItEl Mtuo r€cords ot m.di.he-The Fjrst M€drcal E oks. wtlhrn{ton (1394)7 $rnks Lhar tnc FiBL Phystcrd ol Lhe worrd was sekhef E-na@ch who w6 tire clrernqqrcto, hdce lhFictan of a Dh@]l at abdt 3000 B.C. S.kh.t was abour 1oo yr* Sdnror ro IDhdteD. His prcllr. was ronrd tr hrs tomb d.essed r. Ieopard sldn heds. srs wrlc sta'ds behtnd reslt'g hcr two.hands on hrs sh reco.ds rt h6 bo d€ctph€Ed ihat he cured the nassr.xm€'r orhls krng. lo. whbh the tlng bchg salrsn€d ask€d Seknct b aTrers hrs desi.e as ro whal reward he wanled. .ron tnls we nay say that B}ltnoloo/ ts lhe old6r me.tical brucb in ncord. s.knet Emnach bst.ad or asklng my ror€rbr or rewdd, he chose ro have hb pmtrdl cutued in stm., toEcthe. wrlh a rccord of the cae dd su64esled $at rbis should be set up in a plmlnent pGitlon h lhe lalmc. sd shoDld arlerudds mdk his tomb {Cuest 1926).3 From rhe abN€ obseFatronr seknef emach my b. Feard.d s th. Fl6t Mcdtcal man Bui rh. majorlty of fi. authontres on Lh. slbje.l Egdd his succesor Imhol.p as lhe physicran to 4.rg. rmr ihe mrsl or ln racr sekh€t I "nnquny. Megnon h€dtcine nran as both used lo arpear r! anrdal skD sd simulale lhe Dresenr day wtrch doctors oI ihe Jungle. Bul Inhol.eD *as quite drl[eEnr frm thed ard may be regsded 6 d he physrdan ol that pe.rod. l! Is a lact thal we strl kro* very lrllle abort hts proweis a a lhy€r.tan but cmpamtively inorc ls krovn ahout rhe I.$ lenowned Sekhet Enaacb lculhne, rs45).e on th. orh€r bdd sme authorlty {Hurry. l92a)10 slgg.sts thar lmhotep should b. r.gard..t as the Father of Medicine lns(ead or HrppmEt6.