I CENSUS OF INDIA 1971 SERIES a-JAMMU & KASHMIR Part IV HOUSING REPORT .& TABLES L-1AMMU & KASHMIR J. N. ZUTSHI of the Kashmir Administrative Service DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS JAMMU & KASHMIR CONTENTS PatiND. Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1-8 Charter n USES OF CENSUS HOUSES 9-47 Usage Defined-Typical Houses Types-Distribution by Usage-1961-1971 Comparision-District­ wise-Analysis-Vacant Census Houses-Census Houses used as Residence-Shope-cum-residence­ Workshop-cum-residence-Hotels, Sarais, Dbaram-sbalas etc.-Shops excluding Eating Houses -Factories, Workshops and Worksheds-Business Houses and Offices~Restaurants, Sweet­ mt"at Shops and Eating Places-Places of Entertainment and Community Gathering-Places of Worship-Others-Srinagar and Jammu Cities-Functional Classification-1961-1971 Comparison of Occupied Census Houses-State, Districts and two Cities Chapter m MATERIAL OF WALL AND ROOF OF HOUSES . 48-66 Material of Wall-1961-1971 Comparison-State-Districts-Cities of Srinagar and Jammu -Slum-dwellings Material of roof-1961-1971 Comparison-State-Districts-Cities-Material of wall and Material of Roof Cross-classified . Chapter IV HOUSEHOLDS AND NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED . 67-75 Households Classified by Number of Rooms-State and its Districts-Cities of ·Srinagar and Jammu-Number of Persons per Household-State-Districts and Cities Chapter V TENURE STATUS 76-82 State-Districts of Kashmir Province-Districts of Jammu Province-Cities of Srinagar and Jammu A.PPENDICES Appendix I. Houselist and Establishment Schedules 84-87 Appendix II. Editing and Coding Instructions for Houselist 88-96 Appendix III. List of Snow-bound Areas 97-105 Appendix IV. Instructions to Enumerators for filling-up the Houselist and Establishment Schedules 106-119 Appendix V. Note on Field Investigation .. 120-127 II TABLES Table No. DESCRIPTION Page No. H-I Census Houses and the uses to which they are put 130-131 H-I . 1 Distribution of 1,000 Census Houses by vacant and different types of occupied Census Houses 132-133 H-I.2 Distribution of 1,000 Census Houses for selected types of use among rural and urban areas 132-133 H-II Distribution of Census Houses by predominant material of wall and predominant material of roof . 134-'-135 Appendix to Table H-II Distribution of Residential Census Houses by material of wall cross-classified by material of roof 136 H-II . 1 Distribution of 1,000 Census Houses by predominant material of wall in rural and urban areas separately 137 H-II . 1 (A) Distribution of 1,000 Census Houses by predominant material of wall in rural and urban areas separately 138 H-I1.2 Distribution of 1,000 Census Houses by predominant material of roof in rural and urban areas separately . 139 H-IJ .2(B) Distribution of 1,000 Census Houses by predominant material of roof in rural and urban areas separately. 140-141 H-III Households classified by number of members and by number of rooms occupied. 142-145 H-III . I Distribution of 1,000 Census Households by number of rooms occupied 146-147 H-III . 2 Number of persons, males and females per room and persons per household 146-149 H-IV Households classified by size and tenure status 150-153 H-IV . 1 Distribution of 1,000 Census household living in Census Houses according to size of the household in rural and urban areas separately 154-155 GRAPHS at 1. Use of Census Houses State level. 1 2. Use of Census Houses at District level. 3. Distribution of 1,000 Census Houses by predominant wall material. ~ 8-9 4. Distribution of 1,000 Census Houses by predominant roof material. ! 5. Distribution of 100 Households by rooms occupied. I 6. Proportion of rented and owned households. j PHOTOGRAPHS 1. Registrar General, India, inspecting Housing record in Census Office, Srinagar. Before } Introduction 2. Registrar General inspecting filled-in Houselist Schedules at Hemis Gumpa, Ladakh. iii Facing or betwlln pages 3. A block of a modern hotel in Srinagar. 4. Another hotel in Srinagar. 5. A block of the Dak Bungalow of Jammu. 6. Residential houseboat. 1 7. A hotel-cum-residential houseboat. S. A mobile Post Office in a houseboat. 9. A st~ucture with an independent staircase. to. A house built of timber with independent approach to upper storey. II. Shop-cum-dwelling. ~ 12. Shop-cum-workshop-cum-dwelling. I 13. A rural shop in Baramula. 14. A rural shop in Kulgam. 15. Houses in Srinagar used for residential and commercial purposes. 16. Some shops- in Srinagar. 17 . Urban shop-cum-d wellings. 18. A shopping centre in Srinagar city. 19. A row of two storeyed pucca houses. 20. A Panchayat Ghar. 21. A rural high scho.ol building. 1 22. Houses and kuthars in rural areas. 23. A rural mosque. 24. A rural house in Anantnag District. I 25. House of it well-to-do family in a rural area in Baramula District. I 26. A cattle-shed. 27. A kuthar used for residence storing grain. 28. Wall made of stones. 29. A house with walls made of burnt bricks. 30. A tourist hut with both walls and roof made of timber. 66-67 31. A rural house with mud-waIts and grass-roof. 32. A house with walls made of mud and roof made- of CGI sheets. I 33. A multi-storeyed house made of burnt bricks and cement concrete. I 34. A roof made of grass in Baramula District. 35. Houses with roofs of CGI sheets. 36. Roof material-shingle. 37. A house in Kathua District with walls and roof made of grass, thatch and bamboo. I 1 38. Roof material-grass, reeds and bamboo-Jammu District. I 39. A house with CGI roof material and walls made of un burnt bricks. J iv Facing or Intwtln pagu 40. A bird's view of a modern residential colony in Srinagar. 41. New Secretariat building in Srinagar. 1 42. Some slums of Srinagar city. 43. A modern house in a newly-built housing colony. 44. A typical single storeyed house. 45. Settlement pattern of Leh Town. 46. A view of a common rural house in Baramula. 74-75 47. A modern single-storeyed house. 48. Cluster of houses in Ladakh. 49. A shop and a. dwelling in one structure-Samba Tehsil. 50. A mobile shop in Dal Lake. 51. Bahach-boats used for transportation of goods and residence. 52. The main wing of a leading hotel of Srinagar. 53. A residential block of a modern hotel. 54. Some photographs covering author's tour of Shakargarh area adjoining Samba Tehsil in Jammu. captured from Pakistan {See Post-script-Introduction} 82-83 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ASSISTANCE 82 Slui A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General) India inspecting Housing Record in Census Office) Srinagar. Seen WtUl him are besides the author, Shl'i A. Gani DDCO and other Census Officials Registrar General inspecting jilled-in Houselist Schedules at Hemis Gumpa, Ladakh CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A modern population Census, the primary 3. Encouraged by the useful results obtained objective of which is to collect and publish from the 1961 experiment, an idea was noted reliable data about the basic characteristics of at the 1971, Census to amplify the 1961 Houselist population such as sex, age, marital status, with a view to obtaining additional data about educational levels, economic activity etc. has some other particulars about houses such as age, become such a complex operation in itself as to floor area, amenities and type of fuel or power necessitate the phasing of the task in two used for domestic purposes. But while pretesting inter-dependent and carefully planned stages of the draft schedules, it was found that the implementation. The first consists of identifying information was not worth collecting since answers the location of every. individual and household given· by the respondents to these questions were so that when the enumeration of the population generally vague and imprecise. The Planning is conducted, there is no likely possibility of any Comm'ission also advised that collection of data one being missed or counted twice in the Census on amenities for rural housing may not be record. This is done by numbering the structures meaningful in the present stage of housing in a systematic manner and listing the particulars development in the country. In the case of of each Census house/household in a form urban areas, in its view, the collection of such called the Houselist. A record is thus built of data could more advantageously be left to the the size of the population to be enumerated. civic authorities. Therefore, the Houselist as This heips in an estimate of forms and schedules adopted at the last Census was repeated with required for enumeration being worked out minor amendments for this Census. However, realistically. It also facilitates carving out of one important change by way of improvement convenient Census blocks of every village and over the 1961 procedure was effected. It consisted town, which in turn ensures equitable distribution of the use of a separate schedule for listing the of work-load among the enumerators and supervisors. establishments so as to obtain a more vivid This important preliminary exercise known as picture of the industrial and commercial activities Houselisting, for apparent reasons, plays a crucial of the people. The introduction of a separate role in the successful implementation of Census schedule for establishments constitutes one of the objectives. As a rule, a faultless houselisting highlights of the 1971 Census and is reproduced results in a faultless Census enumeration. along with the Houselist Schedule at appendix I. 2. Prior to 1961 Census, full advantage was 4. Among other far-reaching improvements not taken of the operations to obtain data on effected, mention may be made of the application housing conditions.