National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Sweden 2017 A 131 kilowatt PV system on a Swedish farm © EcoKraft Sverige AB Prepared by Johan Lindahl & Cristina Stoltz TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ............................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 1 INSTALLATION DATA ............................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Applications for Photovoltaics ................................................................................. 5 1.2 Method ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Sales statistics .............................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 Data from the grid owners .......................................................................... 6 1.3 Total photovoltaic power installed .......................................................................... 8 1.4 Swedish PV market segments .................................................................................. 12 1.5 The geographical distribution of PV in Sweden ....................................................... 13 1.6 Key enablers of PV development ............................................................................. 14 1.7 PV in the broader Swedish energy market ............................................................... 15 2 COMPETITIVENESS OF PV ELECTRICITY ................................................................................. 17 2.1 Module prices ........................................................................................................... 17 2.2 System prices............................................................................................................ 18 2.3 Cost breakdown of PV installations ......................................................................... 21 2.4 Financial Parameters and specific financing programs ............................................ 23 2.5 Specific investments programs ................................................................................ 23 2.6 Additional Country information ............................................................................... 24 2.7 Electricity prices ....................................................................................................... 25 2.8 Global solar radiation ............................................................................................... 27 2.9 Competitiveness of PV electricity ............................................................................ 28 2.9.1 Levelized cost of electricity ......................................................................... 28 2.9.2 Payback time for a residential PV system ................................................... 29 3 POLICY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................ 30 3.1 Future political direction for the Swedish electricity market .................................. 30 3.2 Direct support policies for PV installations .............................................................. 31 3.2.1 PV support measures phased out in 2017 .................................................. 31 3.2.2 PV support measures introduced in 2017 ................................................... 31 3.2.3 Direct capital subsidy for PV installations ................................................... 32 3.2.4 Direct capital subsidy for renewable energy production in the agriculture industry .................................................................................................. 34 3.2.5 The green electricity certificate system ...................................................... 35 3.2.6 Guarantees of origin .................................................................................... 38 3.2.7 Tax credit for micro-producers of renewable electricity ............................ 38 3.3 Support for electricity storage and demand response measures ............................ 40 3.3.1 Direct capital subsidy for storage of self-produced electricity ................... 40 3.4 Self-consumption measures ..................................................................................... 40 3.4.1 General taxes on electricity ......................................................................... 41 3.4.2 Energy tax on self-consumption .................................................................. 41 3.4.3 Deduction of the VAT for the PV system ..................................................... 43 3.4.4 VAT on the revenues of the excess electricity ............................................ 43 3.4.5 Deduction for interest expenses ................................................................. 43 3.4.6 Grid benefit compensation ......................................................................... 44 3.5 Collective self-consumption ..................................................................................... 44 3.6 BIPV development measures ................................................................................... 44 3.7 Tenders, auctions and similar schemes ................................................................... 44 3.8 Financing and cost of support measures ................................................................. 44 3.9 Indirect policy issues ................................................................................................ 45 3.9.1 ROT tax deduction ....................................................................................... 45 3.9.2 Property taxes ............................................................................................. 45 2 of 70 4 HIGHLIGHTS OF R&D ............................................................................................................. 46 4.1 Highlights of R&D ..................................................................................................... 46 4.2 Budgets for R&D and demonstration programmes ................................................. 47 4.2.1 Public budgets for R&D ............................................................................... 47 4.2.2 Demonstration and field test sites .............................................................. 48 5 INDUSTRY .............................................................................................................................. 50 5.2 Production of feedstock, ingots and wafers ............................................................ 50 5.3 Production of photovoltaic cells and modules ......................................................... 50 5.4 Manufacturers and suppliers of other components ................................................ 52 5.5 R&D companies and companies with R&D divisions in Sweden .............................. 55 5.6 Installers and retailers of PV systems ...................................................................... 59 6 PV IN THE ECONOMY ............................................................................................................ 61 6.1 Labour places ........................................................................................................... 61 6.2 Business value .......................................................................................................... 62 7 INTEREST FROM ELECTRICITY STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................... 63 7.1 Structure of the electricity system ........................................................................... 63 7.2 Interest from electricity utility businesses ............................................................... 63 7.3 Interest from municipalities and local governments ............................................... 64 8 HIGHLIGHTS AND PROSPECTS ............................................................................................... 65 8.1 Highlights .................................................................................................................. 65 8.2 Prospects .................................................................................................................. 65 9 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 67 3 of 70 Foreword The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November 1974, is an autonomous body within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) which carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA-PVPS) is one of the collaborative R & D agreements established within the IEA and, since 1993, its participants have been conducting a variety of joint projects in the applications of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electricity. The participating countries and organisations can be found on the www.iea-pvps.org website. The overall programme is headed by an Executive Committee composed of one representative from each participating country or organization, while the management of individual Tasks (research projects / activity areas) is the responsibility of Operating Agents. Information