LMK01000,LMK01010,LMK01020,LMK02000, LMK02002,LMK03000,LMK03001,LMK03002, LMK03033,LMK03200,LMK04000,LMK04001, LMK04002,LMK04010,LMK04011,LMK04031, LMK04033,LMK04800 Literature Number: SNAA103 Clock Conditioner Owner’s Manual 4Q 2006 Chapters: Introduction to Precision Clock Conditioners .......................... 1 Phase Noise and Jitter..................................2 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) Fundamentals .......................... 3 Data Converter Clocking ..................................4 Data Clocking ........................5 Design Guidelines ..................6 References ..............................7 Clock Conditioner Owner’s Manual Winter 2006 First Edition Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction to Precision Clock Conditioners Precision Clock Conditioners............................................................................................................................................................................................1-1 Structure of a Clock Conditioner ......................................................................................................................................................................................1-2 Clock Reconditioning..........................................................................................................................................................................................................1-3 Clock Multiplier Applications ..........................................................................................................................................................................................1-3 Creating a Fully Integrated Precision Clock Conditioner............................................................................................................................................1-3 Chapter 2. Phase Noise and Jitter Noise Sources and Noise Power......................................................................................................................................................................................2-1 Oscillators and Phase Noise ............................................................................................................................................................................................2-2 Model of a Noisy Oscillator ..............................................................................................................................................................................................2-5 Models for VCOs and PLLs ................................................................................................................................................................................................2-7 Phase Noise and Power Spectral Density......................................................................................................................................................................2-9 Power Law Model of Phase Noise ..................................................................................................................................................................................2-9 Measuring Phase Noise PSD with a Spectrum Analyzer..........................................................................................................................................2-11 Measurement Limitations..........................................................................................................................................................................................................2-16 Jitter and Phase Noise ....................................................................................................................................................................................................2-16 Jitter Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................................................................2-17 Chapter 3. Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) Fundamentals Basic PLL Operation and Terminology ............................................................................................................................................................................3-1 Loop Filter..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................3-1 Other Loop Transfer Functions ..........................................................................................................................................................................................3-2 Properties of PLL Transfer Functions: Loop Bandwidth, Phase Margin, and Gamma............................................................................................3-4 Loop Bandwidth ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................3-4 Phase Margin......................................................................................................................................................................................................................3-10 Loop Filter Design..............................................................................................................................................................................................................3-13 Choosing the Design Parameters for Higher Order Loop Filters..............................................................................................................................3-15 Active Loop Filters ............................................................................................................................................................................................................3-16 Chapter 4. Data Converter Clocking Sampling a Signal – A Time Domain Perspective ........................................................................................................................................................4-1 Sampling: A Frequency Domain Perspective ................................................................................................................................................................4-3 Bandpass Sampling and the Impact of Clock Noise ....................................................................................................................................................4-5 Chapter 5. Data Clocking Data Communication Systems and Clock Conditioners ..............................................................................................................................................5-1 Clock and Data Recovery Architectures ........................................................................................................................................................................5-4 CDR Phase Detectors ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................5-4 Architectures Without an External Reference ..............................................................................................................................................................5-6 Architectures With an External Reference ....................................................................................................................................................................5-6 Jitter Sources ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................5-8 Deterministic Jitter Causes ..............................................................................................................................................................................................5-8 Jitter Characterization and Measurement....................................................................................................................................................................5-10 Chapter 6. Design Guidelines Transmission Lines ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................6-1 Currents in Conductors............................................................................................................................................................................................................6-3 Electric Fields ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................6-4 References Phase Noise Measurement References..........................................................................................................................................................................7-1 References on Clock Data Recovery and Bang-Bang Phase Detectors ..................................................................................................................7-1 References for Jitter Models and Measurement ..........................................................................................................................................................7-1