UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING SCIENCE SCHOOL OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT COMMUNITY POLICING AS A CRIME PREVENTION MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN MAKINA VILLAGE, KIBERA, CITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE L fPP/QfMI. 5 (ll_ lh-E " ’•r'M'l / l i JHl J" * bF ////A QBi BY CHEGE EZEKIEL NDUKUI (REG. NO: W50/76581/2009) l t: «"> l G A/ y RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF MASTER OF URBAN MANAGEMENT DEGREE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2012 DECLARATION This Research Project Report is my original work and has not been submitted before for a degree in any other University. Signed:........ .Date: ... is L i u . 2012 Mr. Chege Ezekiel Ndukui This Research Project Report has been submitted for the degree of Masters of Urban Management with our knowledge as the University Supervisors. Signed: .. .......... .. •• Date: ... 2012 Professor Jerry Magutu Signed: .... Date• IQ / tJ/ 2012 Mr. Romanus Opiyo / i DEDICATION This Research Project Report is dedicated to my late parents, who inculcated in me a continuous love for knowledge and learning, and to my loving Jane Wangari, for her unconditional love, support and encouragement throughout the course of this work. / n ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise is due to Almighty God, with His care and mercifulness I managed to complete this Master Research Project Report. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors: Professor Jerry Magutu and Mr. Romanus Opiyo for their invaluable and unlimited guidance and support throughout the study. 1 would like also to extend my thanks and appreciation to all lecturers of the School of the Built Environment who read and commented on my draft Research Project Report or part of it. I would like to acknowledge the support given to me by the Government of Kenya through the Ministry of Housing by sponsoring me to this Masters programme. Thanks also to Mr. Isaac Omondi and Mr. Dennis Mululu for the assistance they accorded me in conducting the interviews. ABSTRACT The study focused on community policing as a strategy where community collaborates with security agencies to reduce and prevent criminal activities. The objectives were to establish the implementation approaches; identify the challenges; and develop a framework that can address inadequacies on community policing in Makina village. The study employed secondary data from literature review for theoretical framework development and fieldwork tools. Simple random sampling and convenience sampling techniques were applied in the case of residents and police officers whose sample sizes were 103 and 45 respectively. The study also employed cross- sectional study design and the data was analysed using Ms Excel programme and presented in tables and figures. The implementation approaches used by police officers include community partnership whereby residents report incidences of crime to the police station, or to some stationed community policing booths; placement of information boxes at strategic locations to allow gathering for confidential intelligence on crime from the community; and awareness creation and training on community policing by the Government and Civil societies for example Pamoja Trust amongst others. The challenges found out include:- inadequate training on community policing to the residents; inadequate resources in terms of police patrol vehicles; non holding of confidential information; non quick response to crime scenes and/or issues; non thorough conduct of investigations; bribery demand; harassment of people and poor customer service by the police officers; mistrust between police officers and the residents; low level of consultation between the residents and police officers on security matters; low organization of civic education programmes on community policing by government and civil societies; inadequate street lighting; and presence of many passages which happens to be very narrow. IV ta b l e o f c o n t e n t s DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................i DEDICATION.................................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.................................................................... viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1 1.1.0 Background.........................................................................................................................................................l 1.2.0 Description of the Study Area .......................................................................................................................3 1.3.0 The Problem Statement....................................................................................................................................6 1.4.0 Aims of the study..... ..........................................................................................................................................7 1.5.0 Objectives of the study....................................................................................................................................7 l .6.0 Research Questions............................................................................................................................................7 1.7.0 Research Assumption........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.8.0 Justification of the Research......................................................................................................................... 8 1.9.0 Scope of the Study and its Limitations.......................................................................................................9 1.10.0 Operational Definitions of Terms and Concepts................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................ 11 2.1.0 Genesis of Community Policing.................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.0 Urban crime........................................................................................................................................................16 2.3.0 Crime Prevention Mechanisms..................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Community Based Anti-Crime Initiatives................................................................................................ 20 2.3.1.1 Informal Networks of Security Provision................................................................................................21 2.3.1.2 Vigil.antism..........................................................................................................................................................22 2.3.2 Community Policing........................................................................................................................................ 24 2.3.3 Improving the Built Environment.............................................................................................................. 30 2.4.0 Crime Prevention Policies and Regulations........................................................................................... 31 2.4.1 The Administration of Police Act, 1958..................................................................................................... 31 2.4.2 The Police Act, 1988........................................................................................................................................ 32 2.4.3 The Police Reforms......................................................................................................................................... 32 2.4.4 Governance, Justice, Law and Order Sector Reforms..................... :................................................32 2.4.5 Kenya Police Service Strategic Plan 2008-2012.....................................................................................33 2.4.6 Administration Police Strategic Plan 2009-2013...................................................... 33 2.4.7 National Task Force on Police Reforms, 2009........................................................................................34 2.4.8 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010.................................................................................................................35 2.4.9 Institutional set up......................................................................................................................................... 37 2.4.10 Programmes within Kenyan Sectoral Ministries................................................................................... 37 2.4.11 Kenya Vision 2030.............................................................................................................................................38 2.5.0 Theoretical Framework.......................................... 38 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH