Environmental Impact Assessment 660 MW Coal Fired Power Plant Construction Project at Lakhra in The Islamic Republic of Pakistan Nippon Koei Co., Ltd Mitsui Consultants Co., Ltd. (Japan International Cooperation Agency Survey Team) in association with Hagler Bailly Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd. Main Report (Volume 1 of 2) August 21, 2015 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Project Setting ............................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Project Rationale ........................................................................................................ 1-3 1.3 The Proposed Project ................................................................................................. 1-3 1.4 Stakeholder Consultations .......................................................................................... 1-5 1.5 Environmental Impact of New Plant ........................................................................... 1-6 1.5.1 Air Quality Impacts ................................................................................................ 1-6 1.5.2 GHG Emissions .................................................................................................... 1-8 1.5.3 Traffic Impact ........................................................................................................ 1-8 1.6 Environmental Management Plan .............................................................................. 1-8 1.7 Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 1-8 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Introduction to the EIA ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.2 Scope of the EIA ................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Approval of the EIA and Other Permits ...................................................................... 2-4 2.3 Land Acquisition ......................................................................................................... 2-4 2.4 Institutional Arrangements .......................................................................................... 2-5 2.5 Project Setting ............................................................................................................ 2-6 2.6 Project Rationale ........................................................................................................ 2-9 2.7 Organization of the Report ....................................................................................... 2-11 CHAPTER 3 Legal and Institutional Framework .............................................................. 3-1 3.1 Historical and Constitutional Context ......................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Environmental Law ..................................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Requirements for Environmental Impact Assessment ............................................... 3-3 CONTENTS i 3.4 Hazardous Substances .............................................................................................. 3-6 3.5 Environmental Standards ........................................................................................... 3-7 3.6 Other Relevant Laws .................................................................................................. 3-8 3.6.1 The Forest Act 1927 ............................................................................................. 3-8 3.6.2 Factories Act 1934 ................................................................................................ 3-8 3.6.3 The Sindh Irrigation Act 1879 ............................................................................... 3-8 3.7 Environmental Guidelines ................................................................................................. 3-9 3.7.1 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) ........................................................................................................... 3-9 3.7.2 World Bank/IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants, 2008 .............................................................................. 3-12 3.8 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................ 3-12 3.8.1 Sindh Government Institutions ................................................................................. 3-12 3.8.2 International and National NGOs ............................................................................. 3-13 3.9 International Treaties ................................................................................................ 3-13 3.10 Environmental Standards and Guidelines Applicable to the Projects ...................... 3-16 CHAPTER 4 THE PROPOSED PROJECT .......................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Existing Lakhra Power Station ................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Generating Units ................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Fuel and Performance .......................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.3 Handling, Transportation and Storage of Fuel ..................................................... 4-3 4.1.4 Water Supply System ........................................................................................... 4-3 4.1.5 Wastewater Generation and Disposal .................................................................. 4-3 4.1.6 Cooling Water System .......................................................................................... 4-4 4.1.7 Solid Waste Storage and Disposal ....................................................................... 4-4 4.1.8 Stacks and Emissions ........................................................................................... 4-4 4.2 General Description of the Proposed Plant ................................................................ 4-5 CONTENTS ii 4.2.1 Technical Outline .................................................................................................. 4-5 4.2.2 Specifications for Unit Operation ........................................................................ 4-10 4.3 Power Generation Technology ................................................................................. 4-11 4.3.1 Unit Size .............................................................................................................. 4-11 4.3.2 Steam Condition ................................................................................................. 4-11 4.3.3 Boiler Design Parameters ................................................................................... 4-14 4.3.4 Coal Feeding and Pulverizer System ................................................................. 4-14 4.3.5 Furnace ............................................................................................................... 4-15 4.3.6 Superheater and Reheater ................................................................................. 4-16 4.3.7 Economizer ......................................................................................................... 4-16 4.3.8 Boiler Setting and Insulation ............................................................................... 4-16 4.3.9 Air Heaters .......................................................................................................... 4-17 4.3.10 Air and Flue Gas Fans ........................................................................................ 4-17 4.3.11 Soot Blowers ....................................................................................................... 4-18 4.3.12 Fuel Burning Equipment ..................................................................................... 4-18 4.3.13 Ducts and Wind Boxes ....................................................................................... 4-19 4.3.14 Coal bunker Design ............................................................................................ 4-19 4.4 Steam Turbine and Auxiliaries ................................................................................. 4-19 4.5 Condenser and Condensate System ....................................................................... 4-20 4.6 Generator and Electrical System .............................................................................. 4-21 4.6.1 Main Generator System ...................................................................................... 4-21 4.6.2 Excitation System ............................................................................................... 4-22 4.6.3 Main Transformer................................................................................................ 4-22 4.6.4 Auxiliary Transformers ........................................................................................ 4-23 4.6.5 Start-up Transformers ........................................................................................