Opportunities and Challenges of Refugees’ on Host Communities Primary Education in Itang Special Woreda, Gambella Region By Leyekun Getaneh A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Educational Planning and Management Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Educational Leadership and Management Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June 2018 Opportunities and Challenges of Refugees’ on Host Communities Primary Education in Itang Special Woreda, Gambella Region By Leyekun Getaneh A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Educational Planning and Management Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Educational Leadership and Management Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June 2018 Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Leyekun Getaneh titled: Opportunities and Challenges of Refugees’ on Host Communities Primary Education in Itang special Woreda, Gambella Region and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Educational Leadership and Management) compiles with the regulations of the university and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the Examining Committee: Signature Date _________ Internal Examiner Signature Date____________ External Examiner Signature Date____________ Advisor Chair of Department or Graduate Program Coordinator 2 Acknowledgments It is with great pleasure that I would like to express my sincere and invaluable gratitude to my advisor Zeneb Baraki (PhD), for his constructive comments and valuable suggestions. Without his unreserved assistance, it was difficult to conduct this study successfully. A special thanks and my deepest appreciation goes to my families especially my beloved wife Sara Kebede, my lovely children Genet Leyekun and Tsion Leyekun, my mother, brother, and sisters for all their material as well as moral support and encouragement. Thank you very much for standing by the side of me all the time. I would like to thank my relative Desalegn Yayeh (PhD) from AAU, and my colleagues Mulegeta Bekele, Behailu Fanta, Tasew Tafse, W/o Gojam Ayalew, Nebu Mamo, Getachew Teshome, Mola Teshome, Esubalew Tilahun, Mezegbu Bisen and Mentesinote Befekadu for their material support and encouragement. I would also like to thank those participants who were willingly participated in the study. Without their active participations in filling the questionnaire as well as making interviews and FGDs, this study was not come this result. Dear participants really I thank you so much for your cooperation. i Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. i List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ v List of Figures ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. List of Pictures ...................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... vi Abstract .............................................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.3. Objectives of the Study --------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.3.1. General Objective ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.3.2. Specific Objectives --------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.4. Significance of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.5. Delimitation of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 1.6. Limitation of the Study --------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 1.7. Operational Definition of Terms ---------------------------------------------------------- 9 1.8. Organization of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------------- 10 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 11 Review of Related Literature.............................................................................................. 11 2.1. The Concepts of Refugees ---------------------------------------------------------------- 11 2.2. The Challenges and Opportunities of Refugees on Host community --------------- 12 2.3. The Host Community Education Related to Refugee --------------------------------- 15 2.4. The Status of Host Community Primary Schools and Refugees --------------------- 17 2.4.1. Access to Education ------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 2.4.2. Learning and Teaching Process ------------------------------------------------------ 20 2.4.3. Educational Inputs and Facilities --------------------------------------------------- 22 2.4.4. Teachers Turnover --------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 2.4.5. Student Absenteeism ------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 ii CHAPTER THREE ......................................................................................................... 28 Research Design and Methodology .................................................................................... 28 3.1. Research Design ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 3.2. Sources of Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 3.3. Sampling Techniques and Sample Size ------------------------------------------------- 28 3.3.1. Sample Size ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 3.3.2. Sampling Techniques ----------------------------------------------------------------- 29 3.4. Data Gathering Tools ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 3.4.1. Questionnaires ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 3.4.2. Interviews ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 3.4.3. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) -------------------------------------------------- 31 3.4.4. Observation and Document Analysis ----------------------------------------------- 32 3.5. Pilot Testing --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 3.6. Data Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 3.7. Ethical Considerations --------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................ 34 Data Analysis, Interpretation and Findings ........................................................................ 34 4.1. Demographic and Economic Characteristics of the Respondents ------------------- 34 4.2. Educational Access to School Age Children ------------------------------------------- 38 4.3. Educational Inputs and Facilities -------------------------------------------------------- 43 4.3.1. Floors and Walls Constructed in Cement ------------------------------------------ 43 4.3.2. Ventilation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 4.3.3. Availability of enough Students Desk ---------------------------------------------- 46 4.3.4. Availability of enough Blackboards ------------------------------------------------- 47 4.3.5. Availability of Teachers Table and Chairs ----------------------------------------- 47 4.3.6. Available of Drinking Water --------------------------------------------------------- 48 4.3.7. Physically Separated Block Latrine for Males and Female Student ------------ 49 4.3.8. Available of Any Sources of Light (Electric or Solar Energy) ------------------ 49 4.3.9. Available of Functional Pedagogical Center and Libraries ---------------------- 50 4.4. The Influence of Refugees on Learning-teaching Process .................................... 51 iii 4.4.1. The Effect of Hot Temperature on the Learning and Teaching Process ------- 51 4.4.2. Social Factor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 4.4.2.1. Entering Refugees in the School Compound ------------------------------------ 52 4.4.3. Personal Factor ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 4.4.3.1. Teachers Academic Problem ------------------------------------------------------- 53 4.4.3.2. Students Discipline Problem ------------------------------------------------------- 54 4.4.3.3. Integrated Learning (host community and refugees students learn together one class room) ------------------------------------------------------------------------