Development and Implementation Support Programme for Nuclear Verifi cation 2020—2021 STR-393 January 2020 Foreword attracting new ones, it has become increasingly necessary to provide a comprehensive picture of the activities where extrabudgetary contributions and technical support are needed. Financial and in-kind contributions help us across a diverse range of technical areas, from implementing new, in-field verification systems, to enhancing our destructive analysis capabilities, to ensuring the Staying ahead in nuclear verification confidentiality of information is not an easy task. The IAEA has no entrusted to the Department, and so dedicated budget for research and much more. development. Nor does it have its own specialized training facilities to To communicate our most urgent, train new Safeguards inspectors or short-term, extrabudgetary needs, field test emerging technical the Department publishes this advances. Moreover, a combination of document, the Development and increasing demand and a static Implementation Support (D&IS) budget result in some difficult Programme for Nuclear Verification. decisions on resources and priorities. We hope that you will use the document to understand our short- How then, is the IAEA able to term D&IS needs and to inform your maintain its verification responsibility decision-making about how best to as the world’s nuclear inspectorate in allocate extrabudgetary support of global efforts to prevent contributions. the spread of nuclear weapons? Our Member States are counting on The answer lies with the 21 Member us to deliver credible safeguards State Support Programmes (MSSPs), conclusions each and every year. I which provide much needed financial look forward to strengthening our and in-kind support through successful working partnerships with extrabudgetary contributions. I them in this biennium and beyond. cannot stress enough the importance of MSSPs to the continuous development of our capabilities and the strengthening of our ability to address current and emerging challenges. Another potential avenue of available extrabudgetary Massimo Aparo contributions is via non-traditional Deputy Director General partners, which is an exciting new initiative planned for this biennium. Head of the Department of Safeguards In light of the importance of encouraging existing contributors and Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 Member State Support Programmes .................................................................................. 8 Observers ..................................................................................................................... 8 D&IS Project Managers ................................................................................................... 9 Top Priorities for 2020–2021 by D&IS Project ................................................................... 10 Overview of Expected Outcomes and Key Outputs ............................................................. 16 DDGO-001: Overall Safeguards Management and Coordination ........................................... 43 SGAS-001: Destructive Analysis of Nuclear Materials ......................................................... 49 SGAS-002: Environmental Sample Analysis Techniques ..................................................... 56 SGAS-003: Analysis Support and NWAL Coordination ........................................................ 64 SGCP-003: Safeguards Approaches ................................................................................ 74 SGCP-004: Strategic Planning and Partnerships ................................................................ 83 SGCP-101: Quality Management .................................................................................... 90 SGCP-102: Training ...................................................................................................... 97 SGIM-002: Satellite Imagery Analysis ............................................................................ 110 SGIM-003: Information Analysis .................................................................................... 117 SGIM-007: Evaluation of Data from Environmental Sampling and Material Characterisation.... 126 SGIM-008: Statistical Analysis ...................................................................................... 134 SGIM-009: State-Declared Information Management ........................................................ 144 SGIS-002: Information Security and Infrastructure .......................................................... 150 SGIS-003: Safeguards Information Systems and System Usability ..................................... 159 SGOA-002: Safeguards System for JNFL MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant (J-MOX) ....................... 167 SGOA-003: Fukushima Dai-ichi Safeguards ..................................................................... 172 SGOC-001: Chornobyl ................................................................................................. 176 SGTS-001: NDA Techniques ......................................................................................... 181 SGTS-002: Techniques and Instruments for Sealing and Containment Verification ................ 192 SGTS-003: Surveillance Techniques ............................................................................... 200 SGTS-008: Instrumentation Technology Foresight ........................................................... 210 SGTS-011: Unattended Measurements Techniques ........................................................... 217 SGTS-014: Remote Data Transmission and Processing Systems ......................................... 224 SGVI-001: JCPOA Verification ....................................................................................... 232 Appendix 1: The Department’s Strategic Plan-on-a-Page ................................................... 234 Appendix 2: R&D Needs with Corresponding D&IS Projects................................................ 235 Appendix 3: Abbreviations and Acronyms ....................................................................... 250 D&IS Programme for Nuclear Verification 2020–2021 Page 2 of 255 Introduction The purpose of this biennial document, Development and Implementation Support (D&IS) Programme for Nuclear Verification 2020–2021, is to inform the Secretariat, Member States and stakeholders of the IAEA Department of Safeguards’ (the Department’s) requirements for extrabudgetary support for implementing safeguards in a manner that is effective, efficient and innovative. This document highlights top priorities and extrabudgetary support needs for 25 safeguards-relevant development and implementation projects. Additionally, this document includes reports on achievements towards the planned outputs and outcomes from the previous biennium. It also serves as the focus of discussions with Member State Support Programme Coordinators. For some development activities, the resources to implement the D&IS Programme come from the Department. For many other development activities and for some implementation activities where expertise and financial resources are not available, support from the Member State Support Programmes (MSSPs), including extra-budgetary contributions from respective Member States, remains essential. The full implementation of the Nuclear Verification Programme would not be possible without the transfer of technology, expertise and resources through the MSSP mechanism. The Department has prepared its D&IS Programme for the biennial period 2020–2021 to prioritize tasks, define key deliverables and inform MSSPs and Departmental resource allocation decisions in the context of the Department’s work portfolio. The D&IS Programme aims to meet both short-term needs and others that are part of longer-term R&D planning. It is driven by Department-identified strategic needs, which are assessed against basic scientific information, advances in technology and research, IAEA experience and changes in the operating environment. The D&IS Programme project plans in this document aim to: Describe specific short-term D&IS needs and priorities by project area Connect short-term needs and activities to the Department’s strategic planning framework Explain relevant context and background information for new task proposals Inform Departmental and MSSP resource allocation decisions Planning framework The D&IS Programme project plans in this document are designed to contribute to the achievement of the objectives for Major Programme 4 (Nuclear Verification). The Department’s three over-arching strategic objectives are: 1. To deter the proliferation of nuclear weapons by detecting early the misuse of nuclear material or technology and by providing credible assurances that States are honouring their safeguards obligations 2. In accordance with the Agency’s Statute, assist with other verification tasks, including in connection with nuclear disarmament or arms control agreements, as requested by States and approved by the Board of Governors 3. To continually improve the Department’s performance and productivity to effectively carry out the Agency’s verification mission The Department conducts strategic planning, which enhances its capability to face future challenges and benefit from opportunities. The strategic planning