International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review Online ISSN: 2581-8945 Available Online at http://www.ijmscrr.in Volume 03|Issue 06 (November-December)|2020| PUSHPA VARGA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BHAVAPRAKASHA NIGHANTU Dr. Umakant N. Rabb Associate Professor, Department of Dravyaguna Vijnana, Acharya Deshbhushan Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Shamnewadi -Bedkihal, Tal: Chikkodi, Dist: Belagavi, Karnataka, India. Email : [email protected] Article Received 12-10-2020 , Accepted 18-11-2020 , Published 20-11-2020 ABSTRACT Ayurveda explains the longevity of life along with spiritual aspects. In day today life use of flowers were mentioned elaborately. For example the Dronapushpi flowers are used for Abhisheka. The Dhatura flower is offered to Lord Shiva, Tulasi for Lord Vishnu, Kamala for Lord Bramha, Lord Buddha, The Langali flower is for Lord Ganesha and the list goes on. Since ancient times flowers were using as decorative and spiritual aspects as well as in treatment aspects. The therapeutic properties of medicinal flowers were seen in our classical texts. The separate section is being mentioned called Pushpa Varga. These medicinal flowers are marketed by pharmaceutical companies for making perfumes, colouring agents, and for medicinal purpose. The essential oils are prepared from the dried flowers as the essential oils are more potent. The medicinal flowers possess anti viral, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, mood stabilizing agents. Here an attempt is made to screen out the Bhavaprakasha Nighantu related only medicinal flowers and their therapeutic effects. Further study is to evaluate the clinical activities like anti viral, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, mood stabilizing agents. KEY WORDS: Ayurveda, Pushpa Varga, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, Medicinal flowers etc INTRODUCTION Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is said to be section is fourth one. This section contains; placed between 15-17th century. Some of 39 medicinal flowers. Viz; Kamala(Lotus), its manuscripts available in Jammu Padmini, Samvartika, Karnika, Keshara, Kashmir Library belongs to 1665AD. The Mrinala, Sthala Kamalini, Kumuda, work was done by Acharya Bhavamishra. Kumudini, Varivarni, Shaivala, The Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is on of the Shatapatri(Rose), Vasanti(Ixora paviflora), Laghutrayi. The book is divided into three Varshiki or Bela, Malati(Chameli), sections Viz; Purvakhanda, Madhyama Yuthika, Champaka, Bakula, Khanda, Uttara Khanda. The text includes Brihadkumuda, Kadamba, Kubjaka, total 24 Vargas. 25th one is miscellaneous Mallika(Jasminum savebac), section. In this the Medicinal flowers Madhavi(Clustured hiptage), @2020 IJMSCRR All Rights Reserved (Vol 03, Issue 06 November – December) 2020 Page | 501 Ketaki(Pandanus osoratissimus), SAMVARTIKA[3]. It cures Karnikara, Ashoka, Banapushpa, Daha(Heat), Thrishna(Excess thirst), Saireyaka, Kunda, Muchakunda, Tilaka, Mutrakrichra(Dyuria), Bandhujiva, Japa Pushpa, Sindhuri, Gudaroga(Diseases of anus). Agastya, Tulasi, Marubaka(Ocimum ⚫ It is Sheetala(Cooling), Guru(Heavy), gratissimum), Damanaka, Barbari. Ruksha(Drying), Vishtambhakarini (Constipative), Lavana(Salty) in DISCUSSION- taste. Subsides Pitta-Rakta and Kapha. The above drugs from the Bhavapraksha ⚫ The Lotus flower decoction is used as Nighantu were dealt systematically; Medhya(Brain tonic) which improves memory. The flower with honey is KAMALA[1]- Botanical Name- Nelubium given in Raktarsha(Bleeding piles), speciosum willd, Family- Nymphaceae Heart diseases. Synonyms- Padmam, Nalinam, ⚫ The fresh leaves of Kamala is known Aravindam, Mahotpalam, Sahasra Patram, as SAMVARTIKA, and is Kamalam, Shatapatram, Kusheshayam, Sheetala(Cold in potency), Pankeruham, Tamarasam, Sarasam, Tikta(Bitter), Kashaya(Astringent) in Sarasiruham, Bisaprasuna, Rajiva, taste. Cures Daha(Burning sensation), Pushkara, Amboruha Trishna(Thirst), Pharmacological Actions- Mutrakrichra(Dysuria), ⚫ Kamala is Sheetala(Cold in potency), Arsha(Haemorrhoids), Raktapitta Varnya(Improves complexion), (Haemorrhage). Madhura(Sweet), subsides Kapha and ⚫ The fruit capsule is known as Pitta. KARNIKA[4]. It is Tikta(Bitter), ⚫ It cures Trishna(Thirst), Daha(Burning Kashaya(Astringent), Madhura(Sweet sensation), Rakta diseases, in taste), Hima(Cold in potency), Visphota(Skin eruptions), Mukhavaishadyakrit(Cleanses oral Visha(Poisonous effects), cavity), Laghu(Light), cures Visarpa(Herpes). Trishna(Thirst) and diseases of ⚫ The well blossomed Kamala flower Rakta-Kapha-Pitta. along with its root, stem, leaf and fruit ⚫ The stamens are known as collectively known as PADMINI[2]. KINJALKA or KESHARA[5] and are ⚫ The fresh and tender leaves of Sheetala(Cold in potency), PADMINI is called as Vrishya(Aphrodisiac), @2020 IJMSCRR All Rights Reserved (Vol 03, Issue 06 November – December) 2020 Page | 502 Kashaya(Astringent), abdomen), Shwasa(Asthma), Grahi(Absorbent), Cures Kasa(Cough), Visha(Poison effect). Trishna(Thirst), Kapha-Pitta disorders, Daha(Burning sensation), KUMUDA[8]- Raktarsha(Bleeding piles), Botanical Name- Nymphaea nouchaki Visha(Poison effects), Burm.f, Family- Nymphaceae Shotha(Edema). Synonyms- Kuvalaya, Kumuda, Kaireya, ⚫ The stem is known as Sheta Kumuda MRINALA[6]and Bisa. It is Pharmacological Actions- Sheetala(Cold in potency), ⚫ It is Picchila(Slimy), Vrushya(Aphrodisiac), Snigdha(Emulcent), Madhura(Sweet Pitta-Daha-Asrajit(Cures Pitta - in taste), Sheetala(Cold in potency), Burning sensation-Bleeding diseases), Hridya(Good for heart). Guru(Heavy), Durjara(Difficult to digest), Swadu Paka(Sweet in post digestive effect), Stanya(Promotes KUMUDINI[9]- The roots etc entire plant breast milk), Vata and Kapha. It is is known as Kumudini. Grahi(Absorbent), Madhura(Sweet), Botanical Name- Nymphaea nouchaki Ruksha(Drying). Burm.f, Family- Nymphaceae Pharmacological Actions- STHALA KAMALINI[7]- Botanical ⚫ It cures Daha(Heat), Thrishna(Excess Name- Ionidium suffruticosum, Family- thirst), Mutrakrichra(Dyuria), Nymphaceae Gudaroga(Diseases of anus). Synonyms- Padmacharini, Atichara, ⚫ It is Sheetala(Cooling), Guru(Heavy), Avyatha, Padma, Sharada Ruksha(Drying), Vishtambhakarini Pharmacological Actions- (Constipative), Lavana(Salty) in ⚫ It is Sheetala(Cold in potency), taste. Subsides Pitta-Rakta and Kapha. Anushna(Neither heat nor cod), Katu(Pungent), Tikta(Bitter), VARIPARNI[10] and SHAIVALA[11] - Kashaya(Astringent) in tastes. It is Botanical Name- Serrato phylleum, Kapha Vata Shamaka. It cures Submersum , Family- Nymphaceae Mutrakrichra(Dyuria), Synonyms- Varaparni, Kumbhika, Amashoolaghna(Subsides pain Varimuli, Khamulika, Jalakumbhi, Shaivala, Jalanili, Jalaja, Sevara @2020 IJMSCRR All Rights Reserved (Vol 03, Issue 06 November – December) 2020 Page | 503 Pharmacological Action- Pharmacological Actions- ⚫ It is Sheetala(Cold in potency), ⚫ It is Sheetal(Cold in potency), Tikta(Bitter), Laghu(Light), Laghu(Light), Tikta(Bitter), Swadu(Sweet), Sara, Katu(Pungent). Tridoshahara(Subsides Vata, Pitta and It subsides Vata,Pitta, Kapha Doshas. Kapha Doshas), Raktavikara ⚫ It is Ruksha(Dry), cures Jwara Nashaka(Alleviates blood disorders). Raktavikara, and Shosha Rogas. VARSHIKI[14] - It is a variety of jasmine ⚫ Shaivara is Tuvara(Astringent), flower. Tikta(Bitter), Madhura(Sweet), Synonyms- Shripadi, Shatpadananda, Sheetala(Cold in potency), Varshiki, Muktabandhana, Belaa. Snigdha(Demulcent). Pharmacological Actions- ⚫ It cures Daha(Burning sensation), ⚫ It is Sheetala(Cold in potency), Trishna(Thirst), Pitta Dosha, Laghu(Light), Tikta(Bitter), Rakta(Blood diseases), Jwara(Fever). Tridoshahara(Subsides Vata, Pitta and Kapha Doshas). SHATAPATRI[12] - Botanical Name- ⚫ It alleviates eye, ear and Mukha Rosa centifolia Linn Family- Rosaceae diseases, Synonyms- Taruni, Karnika, Charukeshara, Maha Kumari, Gandhadhya, MALATI[15] - Botanical Name- Lakshapushpa, Atimanjula. Jasminum officinale Linn Family- Pharmacological Actions- Oleaceae ⚫ Shatapatri is Hima(Cold in potency), Synonyms- Jati, Sumana, Malati, Hridya(Good for heart), Rajaputrika, Chetaki, Hridyagandha Grahi(Absorbent), Pharmacological Actions- Vrishya(Aphrodisiac), Laghu(Light), ⚫ It is Tikta (Bitter), Ushna (Hot in Subsides Tridoshas, Varya(Improves potency), Kashaya(Astringent), complexion), Katu(Pungent), Laghu(Light). It subsides Vata, Shiro Tikta(Bitter), in taste, Rogas(Diseases of head), Pacahani(Digestants). Mukha(Mouth), Danta(Teeth), Visha(Poison), Kustha(Skin diseases), VASANTI[13]- Botanical Name- Ixora Vrina(Wounds), Asr(Blood diseases) parvoflora, Synonyms- Nepali, Saptala, Navamalika, YUTHIKA[16] - Botanical Name- Vasanti, Nevari Jasminum auriculatum Family- Oleaceae @2020 IJMSCRR All Rights Reserved (Vol 03, Issue 06 November – December) 2020 Page | 504 Synonyms- Yuthika, Ganika, Ambastha Synonyms- Madhugandha, Simha Pharmacological Actions- Kesaraka ⚫ The Yuthika Pushpa is Tikta(Bitter), Pharmacological Actions- Madhura(Sweet), Kashaya(Astringent) ⚫ Bakula is Kashaya(Astringent), Katu in taste, Katu Vipaka(Pungent in post Vipaka(Pungent in post digestive digestive effect), Sheeta(Cold in effect), Anushna(Slightly hot in potency), Hridya(Good for heart), potency), Guru(Heavy), Subsides Pittagna(Subsides PittaDosha), Kapha, Pitta, Visha(Poisons), Kapha-Vatala(Aggravates Kapha and Shwitra(Vitiligo), Krimi(Worms), Vata Doshas). Dantagada(Dental problems). ⚫ It alleviates Vrina (Wound), Mukha ⚫ The powder of the flower of the (Mouth), Danta(Teeth), Akshi(Eye), Bakula is given as Nasya(Nasal Shira(Head) diseases, Visha(Poison administration) cures headache, effect),