Pakistan Archaeology Number 32-2017 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN ISLAMABAD i Pakistan Archaeology Number 32-2017 ii Pakistan Archaeology Number 32-2017 Chief Editor Abdul Azeem Editor Mahmood-ul-Hasan DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN ISLAMABAD iii BOARD OF EDITORS Dr. Abdul Azeem Dr. Aurore DIDIER Director, Director, Department of Archaeology and French Archaeological Mission in Museums, Government of Pakistan, the Indus Basin Islamabad CNRS-UMR 7041/ArScAn 21, allee de l’Universite 92023 Nanterre Cedex-France Mahmood-ul-Hasan Dr. Chongfeng Li Assistant Director, Professor of Buddhist Art and Department of Archaeology and Archaeology, Museums, Government of Pakistan, Peking University, Islamabad School of Archaeology and Museology, Beijing, China Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Dr. Luca M. Olivieri Khan Director, Former Director, Taxila Institute of Italian Archaeological Mission in Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam Pakistan University, Plazzo Baleani, Islamabad, Pakistan Corso Vittorio Emanuele, Rome, Italy Mr. Saleem-ul-Haq Dr. Pia Brancaccio Former Director, Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology and Department of Art and Art History, Museums, Government of Punjab, Drexel University, Lahore, Pakistan Westphal College of Media Arts and Design, Philadelphia, USA iv © Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan 2017 ISSN 0078-7868 Price in Pakistan: Rs. 1000.00 Foreign Price U. S. $ 40 Published by The Department of Archaeology and Museums Government of Pakistan, Islamabad Printed by Graphics Point Pak Media Foundation Building, G-8 Mrkaz, Islamabad, Pakistan v CONTENTS Illustrations……………………………………………….. vii Editorial…………………………………………………... xii Explorations Discovery of Rock art in Azad Jammu and Kashmir 15 M. Ashraf Khan and Sundus Aslam Khan and Saqib Raza……... Excavations IsMEO/IsIAO – DOAM Excavations at Bīr-koṭ-ghwaṇḍai 1984- 33 1992. A Reassessment of the Chronological Sequence on the Basis of the Latest Fieldwork at the Site Luca M. Olivieri and L. Colliva…………………………………… Preliminary Report Excavation of the Buddhist Stupa at Ban Faqiran- Islamabad 64 Abdul Ghafoor Lone…………………………………………..…… Architecture Tradition of Mosque Building in Lahore 113 Saira Ramzan……………………………………………………….. Misellaneous Contextualising Sir John Marshall’s Photographic Collection at Durham Research conducted under an EMEMS Library Fellowship 2019 125 A Review of the Conservation Methods Implemented by Marshall at Taxila and Evaluation of their Long-Term Suitability Abdul Azeem……………………………………………………… Archaeological Research Activities in Pakistan (1947 – 2017) 153 Tahir Saeed and Arshad Ullah…………………………………….. vi Spread of Buddhism from Taxila to China through Silk Road 162 Muhammad Ilyas Bhatti…………………………………..……….. Fresh Numismatic Evidence from Takht-e-Bahi 163 M. H. Khan Khattak, Gul Rahim Khan and Ehsan Javed…….… ILLUSTRATIONS 1 Illustrations Paper 1 Fig. 1. Nagdar stream, Athmaqam. Fig.2 Team of researchers at Nagdar, Athmaqam. Fig.3. Boulder showing name of the site. Fig.4 position of the carved boulder along Nagdar with date, Athmaqamstream, Athmaqam Fig.5. Rock showing trisula, lotus, bird and inscription, Athmaqam Fig.6. Close image of the bird (peacock), Athmaqam, its diagram on right Fig.7. Trisulaincised on the boulder, Athmaqam, a diagram on right. Fig.8. Lotus flower carved on the boulder, Athmaqam, its diagram on right. Fig.9. Anotherform of Trisulacarved on the boulder along the inscription, Athmaqam with its diagram on right. Fig.10. Cup Marks I, Sharda. Fig 11. Measurement of the boulder at Sharda. Fig.12. Boulder 2 showing 14 cup marks, Sharda Fig.13. Boulder no 3 with 3 cup marks, Sharda Fig.14. Cup marks on a rock at Kotli Saula Fig.15. Front view of the rock-cut cave, Kotli Saula Fig.16. Carvings (trisula?) on the façade. Fig.17.Lingam like carving on the façade of cave, Kotli Saula. Fig.18. Another unidentified mark on the pillar of cave, Kotli Saula Fig.19. Some other carvings on the pillar, Kotli Saula Fig.20. A carved chamber with a deep cup, KotliSaula. Fig.21. Goat with Offspring and Above Cup Marks, Chitarpari. Fig.22.The giant or human demonic dancing figure, Chitarpari. Fig.23. Zoomorphic figures, Chitarpari. Fig.24. Horse-rider carved on boulder, Chitarpari. Fig.25. Sketch of Horse-rider, Chitarpari. Fig.26 Tracing of a Horse figure, Chitarpari. Fig.27. An Abstract symbol, Chitarpari. Fig.28. Some other abstract symbols, Chitarpari Fig.29. Cup mark on boulder no 2 surrounded by marks of cow-dung, Chitarpari. Fig.30. Cup marks carved on a boulder at Bihal, Khiratta. 2 PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY Fig.31. Pirchanasi Rock Bolder with hand impressions. Fig.32. Pirchanasi, numbering of the hand Impression. Fig. 33. Documentation of the Rock Bolder at Pirchanasi. Paper 2 Fig. 1. The site of Barikot and its acropolis (ghwandai) seen from the N side of Mt. Ilam (Photo by LMO) Fig. 2. Archaeological map of BKG area with location of the Trenches (Elaborated by E. Iori and LMO after Olivieri 2003 [General Map]) Fig. 3. Map of Trenches BKG 3 (1987, left), BKG M (1985, centre), BKG L (1985, right) (Drawings by F. Martore, after N. Olivieri†) Trench BKG 3 (Callieri et al. 1990: 163-183) (Fig. 3) Fig. 4.Trench BKG 4-5 (Drawings by F. Martore, after N. Olivieri†) Fig. 5. The “Birkot Pass”. The SW corner of the mound of the ruined city as it appeared in 1930 (view from W). The main old road is visible at the centre. (Photo taken by the future last Wali of Swat Miangul Jahanzeb on 14th April 1930) (Courtesy of the Miangul Family). [LC and LMO] Fig. 6.Trench BKG 4-5, Period V-VI (Macrophase 4) Fig. 7.Trench BKG 4-5, Period VII (Macrophase 5a) [N.B.: The former staircase to the bastion functions only for the vaulted drainage channel] Fig. 8.Trench BKG 4-5, Period VIII (Macrophase 5b) ) [N.B.: The former staircase to the bastion functions only for the vaulted drainage channel]. Fig. 9.Trench BKG 4-5, Period IX (Macrophase 5b) Fig. 10. Axonometric restitution of the SW quarters of the city in Period VIII Macrophase 5b) (Trenches BKG 4-5, 11 and 12) (Drawings by F. Martore) Tables Table 1. List of identified coins per Period-Phase/Macrophase (a) Preliminary data (updated 2016) Table 2. List of identified coins per Period-Phase/Macrophase (b). (N.B.: * is Western Ksatrapas?) Preliminary data (updated 2018) Table 3. Concordance table between Periods-Phases/Macrophases of BKG 1, 3, 4-5, 11 and 12 (lower area), and BKG 7, 8 and 9 (hill top) Paper 3 Fig.1 Location Map of Ban Faqiran Stupa and Mosque ILLUSTRATIONS 3 Figure. 2 Contour map of Ban Faquran stupa and mosque area Figure.3 Plan and Elevation of Stupa at Ban Faqrian, Islamabad Figure 4 Showing stratigraphically section of the Ban Faqrian Stupa Plates Plates 2 a - 7 e: Structural remain of Ban Faqrian Stupa before, during and after excavation. Plates 8 a - 9 e: Structural remain of Ban Faqrian Stupa before, during and after excavation. Plates 10 to 11: Potsherds, arrow heads and stone object recovered from Ban Faqrian Stupa during excavation. Plates 12: Plate of coins recovered from Ban Faqrian Stupa during excavation Paper 4 Fig. 1. Mosque of Hazrat Ali Hajveri 11th Century (renovateversion) (after Shad) Fig.2. General view of Masjad Wazir Khan from the east, showing main entrance and four decorative minarets. (photo by the present researcher) Fig.3. General view of Badshahi Masjid from the east (photo by the present researcher) Fig- 4. New mosque of Data Darbar Complex, Lahore (photo by the researcher) Fig. 5. Fresco Painting in Maryam Zamani Mosque (photo by the present researcher) Fig. 6. Exterior of Maryam Zamani Mosque devoid of any decoration (photo by the present researcher) Fig. 7. Exterior of Wazir Khan Mosque Decorated with Fresco Paintings (photo by the present researcher) Paper 5 Plate-1. Marshall divided the constructional phases in stone in Taxila Valley into five distinct periods as shown in the picture. Plate-A-E. Bhir Mound Plate-F-I. Sirkap Plate-J-S. Dharmarajika Stupa Plate-T-V. Jaulian Plate-W-X. Lalchak 4 PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY Plate-Y-A1. Mohra Moradu Plate-B1-F1. Pippla Monastery Paper 9 Fig.1: Stone bowl with Kharoshti inscription and decorative motifs found in four pieces on back side (south) of the Main Stupa Court in an area containing some important building probably residences of some very important personality. It was restored in the present shape. Fig. 2: Secular as well as religious structures on the west/south-west of the Main Monastic Complex across the dry water channel on a separate ridge extending from top on south down towards north. EDITORIAL 5 Editorial A downward trend in archaeological field activities, conservation of monuments and museum research has been felt in Pakistan since decentralization of the subject of archaeology and disintegration of the national institutions in 2011. Prevailing situation has resulted in dearth of quality research works, which has affected timely publication of Pakistan Archaeology. Finally, we have been able to collect some excellent reports and papers from national and international scholars for publication. Especially, archaeology of Kashmir has become part of this journal for the first time. Azad Jammu and Kashmir is very rich in archaeological heritage sites and historical monuments, however, no major exploratory work had been done in this area since 1947. In order to explore archaeological wealth of Kashmir a team of the Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University headed by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Khan has started survey and documentation of cultural assets around Muzaffarabad and Nelum valley. Inetial results of the survey are very promising, a fair number of rock art sites have been recovered and documented. These rock art sites display the earliest communities settled down or traveled through the region highlighting their thoughts, beliefs and practices. The tentative chronology of these rock art sites ranges between Neolithic to Hindu Period creating an interesting mosaic in the historic profile of Kashmir.