Biodiversity and ecosystem services in Nordic coastal ecosystems: an IPBES-like assessment Volume 2 The geographical case studies Biodiversity and ecosystem services in Nordic coastal ecosystems: an IPBES-like assessment. Volume 2. The geographical case studies Tunón, T. (Ed.) Berglund, J., Boström, J., Clausen, P., Gamfeldt, L., Gundersen, H., Hancke, K., Hansen, J.L.S., Häggblom, M., Højgård Petersen, A., Ilvessalo-Lax, H., Jacobsen, K-O., Kvarnström, M., Lax, H-G., Køie Poulsen, M., Magnussen, K., Mustonen, K., Mustonen, T., Norling, P., Oddsdottir, E., Postmyr, E., Roth, E., Roto, J., Sogn Andersen, G., Svedäng, H., Sørensen J., Tunón, H., Vävare, S. TemaNord 2018:532 Biodiversity and ecosystem services in Nordic coastal ecosystems: an IPBES-like assessment. Volume 2. The geographical case studies Tunón, T. (Ed.) Berglund, J., Boström, J., Clausen, P., Gamfeldt, L., Gundersen, H., Hancke, K., Hansen, J.L.S., Häggblom, M., Højgård Petersen A., Ilvessalo-Lax, H., Jacobsen, K-O., Kvarnström, M., Lax, H-G., Køie Poulsen, M., Magnussen, K., Mustonen, K., Mustonen, T., Norling, P., Oddsdottir, E., Postmyr, E., Roth, E., Roto, J., Sogn Andersen, G., Svedäng, H., Sørensen J., Tunón, H., Vävare, S. Project-leader: Gunilla Ejdung and Britta Skagerfält. ISBN 978-92-893-5598-8 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-5599-5 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-5600-8 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2018-532 TemaNord 2018:532 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2018 Cover photo: Håkan Tunon Print: Rosendahls Printed in Denmark Disclaimer This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations. 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Belgrano, A., Ejdung, G., Lindblad, C., Tunón, H. (Eds.). (2018). Biodiversity and ecosystem services in Nordic coastal ecosystems – an IPBES-like assessment. 2 volumes. TemaNord 2018:536 & 532. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers. Biodiversity and ecosystem services in Nordic coastal ecosystems – an IPBES-like assessment. Summary for policymakers. A Nordic cooperation between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. A pdf of this report can be retrieved at http://www.naturvardsverket.se/978-91-620-8799-9 Photo rights (further permission required for reuse): Any queries regarding rights and licences should be addressed to: Nordic Council of Ministers/Publication Unit Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K Denmark Phone +45 3396 0200 [email protected] Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, economics and culture and plays an important role in European and international forums. The Nordic community strives for a strong Nordic Region in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation promotes regional interests and values in a global world. The values shared by the Nordic countries help make the region one of the most innovative and competitive in the world. The Nordic Council of Ministers Nordens Hus Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K, Denmark Tel.: +45 3396 0200 www.norden.org. Download Nordic publications at www.norden.org/nordpub Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................... 7 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 11 Important characteristics of case study sites ...................................................................... 11 References ....................................................................................................................... 20 1. Neiden/Näätämö ............................................................................................................... 21 1.1 Setting the scene .................................................................................................... 21 1.2 Key Ecosystem Services .......................................................................................... 23 1.3 Biodiversity and ecosystem characteristics .............................................................. 23 1.4 Drivers and pressures ............................................................................................. 25 1.5 Governance of ecosystem services and influencing policies .................................... 26 1.6 Insights from indigenous and local knowledge........................................................ 29 1.7 References ..............................................................................................................30 2. Kalix archipelago: Biodiversity, ecosystems, local knowledge and customary use ............... 31 2.1 Setting the scene .................................................................................................... 31 2.2 Governance of ecosystem services and influencing policies .....................................34 2.3 Status and trends for biodiversity and ecosystems ..................................................39 2.4 Direct and indirect drivers ....................................................................................... 51 2.5 Current and future interactions between nature and society .................................... 53 2.6 Governance of ecosystem services ......................................................................... 54 2.7 References ............................................................................................................. 60 2.8 Annex: Nature’s contribution to people in the Kalix archipelago ............................. 62 3. Kvarken – The Quark ........................................................................................................ 65 3.1 Setting the scene ................................................................................................... 66 3.2 Key Ecosystem Services in the Quark ..................................................................... 68 3.3 Importance of ecosystem services for security, health and quality of life in the Quark ............................................................................................................ 71 3.4 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Characteristics in the Quark ......................................... 73 3.5 Biodiversity status of the Quark .............................................................................. 79 3.6 Direct and Indirect Drivers in the Quark .................................................................. 80 3.7 Governance of ecosystem services and influencing policies – national directives implemented regionally in the Quark ...................................................................... 87 3.8 Insights from indigenous and local knowledge – From past to present .................... 90 3.9 References ............................................................................................................. 99 3.10 Annex: SeaGIS 2.0 Interreg-project ....................................................................... 100 4. Lake Puruvesi, North Karelia and South Savo, Finland – Representing the Ecoregion: Saimaa ...........................................................................................................................