Digital Jobs for Youth: Young Women in the Digital Economy Solutions for Youth Employment September 2018 Co-authors: Case Study Contributors: Financial Support Provided by: Digital Jobs for Youth: Young Women in the Digital Economy SEPTEMBER 2018 © 2018 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 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Cover Photo: © Visual News Associates / World Bank (Hyderabad, Pakistan) Table of Contents Boxes, Figures and Tables .............................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... iii Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... iv Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ v 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Audience ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Contributing Partners ......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Report Structure ................................................................................................................. 2 2. Youth in the Digital Economy ........................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Youth Employment: A Global Priority ................................................................................. 4 2.2 The Digital Economy ........................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Why Focus on Young Women? ......................................................................................... 10 3. An Integrated Framework for Digital Jobs ..................................................................................... 12 3.1 The Demand-Side: Drivers of Demand for Digital Jobs ..................................................... 12 3.2 Drivers of Demand in Digital Employment ....................................................................... 19 3.3 Stimulating Digital Job Creation ........................................................................................ 31 3.4 The Supply-side: Building Digital Skills .............................................................................. 34 4. Young Women and the Digital Economy ....................................................................................... 38 4.1 Gender Digital Divide ........................................................................................................ 38 4.2 Barriers to Digital Employment for Young Women .......................................................... 39 4.3 New Opportunities for Young Women ............................................................................. 43 5. Promising Practices for Gender-Inclusive Digital Jobs Programs for Youth .................................. 46 5.1 Program Insights ............................................................................................................... 46 5.2 Understanding Context and Diagnosing Constraints ........................................................ 52 5.3 Program Design Components: Supply-Side Interventions ................................................ 55 5.4 Program Design Components: Demand-Side Interventions ............................................. 73 6. Conclusion: Closing the Gender Digital Divide ............................................................................... 79 6.1 The Role of the Government ............................................................................................ 79 6.2 The Role of the Private Sector .......................................................................................... 87 6.3 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 90 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 93 Annex A: Case Study Guidelines & Template ............................................................................................ 104 Annex B: Case Studies ............................................................................................................................... 113 #eSkills4Girls ................................................................................................................................ 114 African Centre for Women in Information and Communications Technology (ACWICT) ........... 120 Caribbean Mobile Innovation Project (CMIP) .............................................................................. 126 CloudFactory ................................................................................................................................ 132 Compete – Young Professionals Program .................................................................................... 136 Digital Divide Data (DDD) ............................................................................................................. 142 Digital Jobs for KP......................................................................................................................... 147 Empowering Women through E-Governance .............................................................................. 156 EOH Youth Job Creation Initiative ................................................................................................ 160 Friends of the British Council ....................................................................................................... 166 Girls Who Code ............................................................................................................................ 172 Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator ................................................................................. 181 Laboratoria ................................................................................................................................... 187 Maharishi Institute ....................................................................................................................... 195 Saksham ....................................................................................................................................... 199 Samasource .................................................................................................................................. 206 Training for the Future ................................................................................................................. 213 Women in Online Work (WoW) Pilot........................................................................................... 223 The Youth Banner ........................................................................................................................ 230 Annex C: List of External Digital Jobs Programs, Platforms & Initiatives .................................................. 235 Annex D: Online Consultations Report ....................................................................................................