doing business in Egypt country profile international treaties and memberships government Executive: The president is chief of state and the prime minister is the international African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement structure head of government. The president is elected by absolute majority popular and regional African Development Bank Group vote, in two rounds if needed, for a six-year term and is eligible for three organisations African Union consecutive terms. The prime minister is appointed by the president, and customs Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa approved by the House of Representatives. unions Arab League Legislative: Egypt has a bicameral parliament. Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Judicial: The highest courts are the Supreme Constitutional Court, the D-8 Organisation for Economic Co-operation Court of Cassation and the Supreme Administrative Court. The Group of 15 subordinate courts are the Courts of Appeal, Courts of First Instance, Group of 24 courts of limited jurisdiction, and the Family Court. Group of 77 Next Presidential elections: 2024 International Monetary Fund economic Nominal GDP (USD billions): 374.89 International Organization of the French-speaking World data GDP per capita (USD): 3 606.29 Islamic Development Bank Inflation rate (% change): 6.18 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Government revenue (% of GDP): 19.97 Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries Government gross debt (% of GDP): 90.60 United Nations World Bank Group *Source: IMF (March 2021) World Customs Organization Egypt receives preferential treatment under the agreements listed here: The main industries in Egypt are cement, chemicals, construction, http://ptadb.wto.org/Country.aspx?code=818 hydrocarbons, food processing, light manufactures, metals, bilateral pharmaceuticals, textiles and tourism. Egypt's natural resources include Egypt has entered into bilateral investment treaties with Albania, Algeria, investment petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium- treaties gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements and zinc. Luxembourg Economic Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Comoros, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt’s main export partners are the United Arab Emirates, Italy, the Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, United States, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Germany and India. The main Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, export commodities include crude oil and petroleum products, fruits and Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, vegetables, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals and processed Malta, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, the Netherlands, Oman, Poland, food. Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Egypt’s main import partners are China, the United Arab Emirates, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, State of Palestine, Sudan, Sweden, Germany, Saudi Arabia, the United States and Russia. The main import Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, the commodities include machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uzbekistan, wood products and fuels. Vietnam, and Yemen. risk ratings World Economic Forum global competitiveness index (2019): 93/141 Treaties have been signed with Azerbaijan, Botswana, Burundi, World Bank ease of doing business (2020): 114/190 Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Democratic Republic of Corruption perception index (2020): 117/179 the Congo, Djibouti, Eswatini, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Iran, Jamaica, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe but these have not yet entered into force. 1 doing business in Egypt investment- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency For more information or assistance please contact: related World Trade Organization agreements / Celia Becker institutions Executive | Africa regulatory and business intelligence [email protected] dispute Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID Convention) cell: +27 82 886 8744 resolution Permanent Court of Arbitration United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) This document contains general information and no information provided herein may in any way be United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of construed as legal advice from ENSafrica, any of its personnel and/or its correspondent firms. Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York Convention) Professional advice must be sought from ENSafrica before any action is taken based on the information provided herein. This document is the property of ENSafrica and consent must be obtained from intellectual A comprehensive list of IP-related treaties signed by Egypt is available at: ENSafrica before the information provided herein is reproduced and/or distributed in any way. property (“IP”) https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/legislation/profile/EG treaties LAST UPDATED MARCH 2021 2 .