Proceedings Ein stetig steigender Fundus an Informationen ist heute notwendig, um die immer komplexer werdende Technik heutiger Kraftfahrzeuge zu verstehen. Funktionen, Arbeitsweise, Komponenten und Systeme entwickeln sich rasant. In immer schnel- leren Zyklen verbreitet sich aktuelles Wissen gerade in Konferenzen, Tagungen und Symposien in die Fachwelt. Den raschen Zugriff auf diese Informationen bie- tet diese Reihe Proceedings, die sich zur Aufgabe gestellt hat, das zum Verständnis topaktueller Technik rund um das Automobil erforderliche spezielle Wissen in der Systematik aus Konferenzen und Tagungen zusammen zu stellen und als Buch in Springer.com wie auch elektronisch in SpringerLink und Springer für Professio- nals bereit zu stellen. Die Reihe wendet sich an Fahrzeug- und Motoreningenieure sowie Studieren- de, die aktuelles Fachwissen im Zusammenhang mit Fragestellungen ihres Ar- beitsfeldes suchen. Professoren und Dozenten an Universitäten und Hochschulen mit Schwerpunkt Kraftfahrzeug- und Motorentechnik finden hier die Zusammen- stellung von Veranstaltungen, die sie selber nicht besuchen konnten. Gutachtern, Forschern und Entwicklungsingenieuren in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie sowie Dienstleistern können die Proceedings wertvolle Antworten auf topaktuelle Fragen geben. Michael Bargende Hans-Christian Reuss Jochen Wiedemann Herausgeber 16. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium Automobil- und Motorentechnik Band 1 Herausgeber Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Bargende Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Christian Reuss Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Wiedemann Forschungsinstitut für Kraftfahrwesen und Fahrzeugmotoren Stuttgart -FKFS- Stuttgart, Deutschland ISSN 2198-7432 ISSN 2198-7440 (electronic) Proceedings ISBN 978-3-658-13254-5 ISBN 978-3-658-13255-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-13255-2 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Natio- nalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Springer Vieweg © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2016 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung, die nicht ausdrücklich vom Urheberrechtsgesetz zugelassen ist, bedarf der vorherigen Zu- stimmung des Verlags. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Bearbeitungen, Über- setzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürften. Der Verlag, die Autoren und die Herausgeber gehen davon aus, dass die Angaben und Infor- mationen in diesem Werk zum Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung vollständig und korrekt sind. Weder der Verlag noch die Autoren oder die Herausgeber übernehmen, ausdrücklich oder implizit, Gewähr für den Inhalt des Werkes, etwaige Fehler oder Äußerungen. Umschlagbild: >0@3HXJHRW Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier. Springer Vieweg ist Teil von Springer Nature Die eingetragene Gesellschaft ist Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH WELCOMEINSTUTTGART What is it that has elevated the Stuttgart International Symposium – hosted by the Research Institute of Automotive Engineering and Vehicle Engines Stuttgart (FKFS) – to a real can’t-miss event for years now? Is it the broad range of current and important topics that line the agenda? The expert presentations guiding the way for the future? Or is it because the event takes place in Stuttgart, the heart of the automotive state, Baden-Wuerttemberg, and is attended by prominent participants from both the business and research sectors? The answer is: All of the above! th For the 16 installment of the Conference, I am glad to be assuming patronage for the event and welcome all the participants and speakers. This year’s focus topic, “Global products versus non-global requirements”, addresses the challenges facing both the economy in general and the automobile industry in par- ticular: What are the consequences resulting from the contrast between global sales and adaptation to country-specific norms? How can these be overcome? The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) that is currently being ne- gotiated between political decision makers in the US and the EU is intended to resolve exactly these issues, such as this conflict of interests in the automotive sector. One of the key intentions of this agreement is to standardize the respective national regula- tions and requirements for products sold globally on both sides of the Atlantic – such as: side mirrors, blinkers and crash tests – and introduce a unified, high standard of safety and security. This will lead to the removal of expensive duplicate standards, which, despite nearly identical safety norms, have up to now required redundant develop- ment and certification processes. Consumers ultimately stand to benefit once this burden is lifted. Such a development will likewise be significant for the automotive industry in Baden-Wuerttemberg – and for the associated machinery, metal and electronic in- dustries – in that Germany, as an export country, will be able to set the standards ac- cording to which our worldwide trading partners will have to adapt – not the other way around! Our high level of precision, reliability, quality and safety together present a strong sales argument. As such, these high standards should not be weakened in the course of the TTIP negotiations. The Government of Baden-Wuerttemberg fundamen- tally supports the TTIP agreement, but also insists that the high safety standards asso- ciated with products “made in Baden-Wuerttemberg” are not lowered in any way. I would like to thank all those who have been involved in organizing and executing this event. I hope that all the attendees will benefit from the exciting discussions, interesting presentations and also gain new ideas for their own work. Winfried Kretschmann Prime Minister of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg V AWARMWELCOME Demands on the automotive industry in terms of research and development are con- stantly in flux. Producers and suppliers are forced to create global solutions while also considering individual customer needs as well as the legislative requirements in each market. Even emissions regulations are anything but unified globally. Starting in Sep- tember 2017, Europe plans to implement a measurement termed “real-driving emis- sions” (RDE). Evaluating pollutant emissions will be done on the street rather than at a testing station, with far-reaching consequences for engine development. Many re- gions around the globe are, at the same time, calling for localized zones with emis- sions-free traffic. This all overlaps with the ongoing process of reducing CO2 limits for vehicle fleets, with all world regions having defined various steps to achieve re- ductions in this area. This is topped by rising demands in terms of the comfort and emotionality of cars. How will the automotive industry respond to the growing con- flict between increasing globalization and maximized global product marketing, on the one hand, and diverse, particular regional requirements for vehicles, on the other? What are the technical impacts of this? Industry and research experts will report on and discuss these issues and many more at the 16th Stuttgart International Symposium for “Automotive and Engine Technology” on 15 ---- 16 March 2016. In six parallel sessions with over one hundred presentations, leading experts will ad- dress the current state of technological development, their most recent research find- ings, and concepts for the future. The program spans the entire process of vehicle cre- ation, from research and development through to production. This year, we have also been able to invite excellent keynote speakers and participants for the subsequent po- dium discussion. This will be supplemented by numerous opportunities for exchang- ing ideas, be it in relation to technical discussions, at the accompanying trade exhibi- tion, or in the social context of breaks and the evening event. We look forward to seeing you in Stuttgart, the birthplace of the automobile! Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Bargende Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Christian Reuss Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Wiedemann VI INDEX – Volume 1 SECTION 1 TESTING FOR WLTP Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Jochen Wiedemann WLTP – On the increased importance of aerodynamics and 1 impact on development procedures Thomas Schütz, BMW AG Test bench technologies for improving WLTP 19 measurement results Zdenek Mestenhauser, V. Senft, MTS Systems Corporation On- and off-cycle energy efficiency technologies 21 of a global supplier Ulrich Schulmeister, A. Lang, M. Johannaber, D. Rieker, Robert Bosch GmbH; F. Götz, M. Rauscher, F. Schürg, Bosch Engineering GmbH EXHAUST GAS AFTERTREATMENT Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Georg Wachtmeister The novel SCR and PNA exhaust gas after treatment systems 31 for diesel passenger cars Nebojsa Milovanovic, S. Hamalian, MAHLE Powertrain; M. Lewander, K. Larsen, Haldor Topsoe Experimental investigation of heat transfer characteristics 49 of UWS spray impingement in diesel SCR Yujun Liao, P. Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology From laboratory to road – Real Driving Emissions 59 Helge Schmidt, J. Badur, TÜV NORD Mobilität GmbH & Co. KG VII INDEX – Volume 1 BATTERY Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Dr.