University of South Florida Scholar Commons Integrative Biology Books Integrative Biology 11-1927 Echinoids of the Indian Museum at Calcutta. III. Regular Echinoids: A Translation of Échinides du Musée indien à Calcutta. III. Echinides réguliers René Koehler John Lawrence University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/bin_books Recommended Citation Koehler, R. (2020). Echinoids of the Indian Museum at Calcutta. III. Regular Echinoids: A Translation of Échinides du Musée indien à Calcutta. III. Echinides réguliers (J. M. Lawrence, Trans.). Herizos Press, Tampa. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Integrative Biology at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Integrative Biology Books by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Koehler, R. (2020). Echinoids of the Indian Museum at Calcutta. III. Regular Echinoids: A Translation of Échinides du Musée indien à Calcutta. III. Echinides réguliers. (J. M. Lawrence, Trans.). Herizos Press, Tampa. © John M. Lawrence. Herizos Press, Tampa, Florida. Translator’s notes. This memoir is the last of Kœhler’s trilogy of the echinoids of the Indian Museum at Calcutta. The first two are: Kœhler, R. 1914. Échinides du Musée indien à Calcutta. I. Spatangidés. Kœhler, R. 1922. Échinides du Musée indien à Calcutta. II. Clypeastridés et Cassidulidés. They are substantial works that contribute greatly to the knowledge of the morphology, taxonomy, and zoogeography of echinoids. Kœhler suggested there was a delay in publishing this memoir on Regular Echinoids. He stated (page 137) “I had proposed to describe in detail these five St. indica in the present memoir what had been written in 1922. But as the publication of this memoir was delayed and I believed it would continue to be delayed, I was led to study these five specimens in the memoir that I devoted to “Anomales, Irrégularités et Déformations du test chez les Échinides” (Annales de l’Institut Océanographique, nouvelle série, Tome I, p. 159–480, avec atlas de 32 planches, 1924).” His memoir on Regular Echinoids was published in 1927. I did not take the responsibility of correcting apparent misspellings or typographical errors I thank Michel Jangoux for his help with some difficult words and passages. I thank David Pawson for arranging the loan of a copy of this memoir from the Smithsonian Institution. ECHINOIDS OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM AT CALCUTTA _________ III. Regular Echinoids ______ This memoir that I publish today is the last that is concerned with the description of the echinoids of the Indian Museum and at the same time, it ends the study of the echinoderms that Superintendent Alcock has kindly confided to me previously. It refers to the regular echinoids. Among the specimens that have been delivered, some have already been describe by Alcock, Anderson and Wood-Mason. They are notably Dorocidaris tiara and Stereocidaris (Cidaris) Alcocki. I have naturally preserved these two names. The latter species has been transferred to the genus Stereocidaris and I have completed the description of it when necessary, notably concerning the pedicellariae. Several specimens that were sent to me have prior determinations and have names of known species for the most part. In these determinations, some were correct, others were incorrect. It is thus that some Phormosoma indicum were labeled Ph. bursarium. Stereocidaris Alcocki and indica and even other cidaroids had indifferently the names of Cidaris indica, Lorioli, etc. There was no need to retain these hasty determinations. Other specimens attributed to the genera Cidaris, Astropyga, Salmacis, Diadema, Temnopleurus, etc. had likewise wrong determinations. It appears to me certain that the collection that has been sent to me does not contain all the regular echinoids collected by the INVESTIGATOR in the seas of India. I have been able to see that some specimens mentioned by Anderson or by Alsock and Wood-Mason, in their notes of 1891 and 1894, are not there. This is the case for example for Cidaris Alcocki, Pygmæocidaris prionigera, several Stomopneute variolaris, etc. Whatever it is, I have recognized in the collection that I received, fifty species or varieties of regular echinoids, among which thirty-six were already known and fourteen are new. Regarding these latter, two form types of new genera as well. Here is the enumeration of these species arranged by families: CIDARIDAE Eucidaris metularia (Lamarck). Histocidaris denticulata nov. sp. Dorocidaris tiara Anderson. Dorocidaris Lorioli nov. sp. Acanthocidaris maculicolllis (Meijere). Stereocidaris indica Döderlein. Stereocidaris Alcocki (Anderson). Prioncidaris baculosa (Lamarck). Pronocidaris baculosa var. annulifera (Lamarck). Prionocidaris brevicollis (Meijere). Stylocidaris bracteata var. albidens H. L. Clark. ECHINOTHURIDAE Hygrosoma luculentum (Agassiz). Phormosoma indicum Döderlein. Phormosoma verticillatum Mortensen. Areosoma coriaceum var. indicum nov. var. Sperosoma biseratum Döderlein. Sperosoma armatum nov. sp. DIADEMATIDAE. Diadema saxatile (Linné). Echinothrix diadema Linné. Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas). Chætodiadema granulatum Mortensen. Astropyga radiata Leske. Centrostephanus nitidus nov. sp. ASPIDODIADEMATIDAE Aspidodiadema annulatum nov. sp. ARBACIADAE. Pygmæocidaris prionigera (Agassiz). Cœlopleurus vittatus nov. sp. SALENIDAE. Salenia sculpta nov. sp. PEDINIDAE. Cœnopedina depressa nov. sp. TEMNOPLEURIDAE. Temnopleurus toreumaticus Klein. Salmacis bicolor Agassiz. Salmacis rarispina Agassiz. Salmacis virgulata Agassiz. Salmacis Dussumieri Agassiz. Salmacis roseo-viridis nov. ap. Mespilia globulus (Linné). Prionechinus Agassizii (Wood-Mason and Alcock). Paraatrema Döderleini (Mortensen). Temnotrema scillæ (Mazetti). Temnotrema siamense (Mortensen). Trigonocidaris versicolor nov. sp. Printechinus impressus nov. gen. nov. sp. STOMOPNEUSTIDAE. Stomopneustes variolaris Lamarck. ECHINIDAE. Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck). Tripneustes gratilla Linné. Prymnechinus proctalis nov. gen. nov. sp. Gymnechinus megaloplax H. L. Clark. Gymnechinus pallidus nov. sp STRONGYLOCENTROTIDAE. Echinostrephus molaris (Blainville). Pseudoboletia indiana (Michelini). ECHINOMETRIDAE. Echinometra Mathæi (Blainville) The species or varieties whose name is printed in bold are new. As I have done in the previous volumes on the echinoderms of the Indian Museum, I have believed it necessary to take advantage of the opportunity that it offered me in studying some regular urchins to describe two species that do not belong to this Museum but that come from the Indian Ocean. One of these species is a Lytechinus from Ceylon that was sent to me by M. Thiéry and that is new. I give it the name of L. Thieryi. The other is a very poorly known Echinometra, E. michelini, to which I have been able to refer some specimens. It appeared interesting to me to study here and compare it to another species of the Indian Ocean, notably E. Mathæi. I must make a remark on the subject of the collection that has been sent to me. Most of the specimens that I have received have arrived in excellent condition. However, despite all the care in packing, several jars were broken en route. The alcohol evaporated and the specimens were completely dried. This happened mainly to the large jars containing Stomoponeustes variolaris, Hygrosoma luculentum and Sperosoma. The misfortune was not great in concerning the Stomopneustes, but it was not the same for the echinothuroids. These were not only dried but very strongly deformed. Several were completely folded on each other. It has been very difficult, if not impossible to unfold them to rectify the form. Some of them were absolutely unusable. Cidaridae Eucidaris metularia (Lamarck) See for the bibliography: Cidaris metularia. Meijere, 1904, p. 7. Cidaris metularia. A. Agasszi and H. L. Clark, 1907, p. 5. Eucidaris metularia. Mortensen, 1910 a, p. 54. Eucidaris metularia. Döderlein, 1911, p. 239. Eucidaris metularia.. H. L. Clark, 1923, p. 370. Andaman Islands. — 36 fathoms. — Ten specimens. Andaman Islands. — Tidal. — One specimen. Invisible Bank. — 16–41 fms. — Two specimens. Station 204. — 6°01’ N.; 81°16’ E— 34 fms. — Three specimens. The diameter of the test varies between 13 and 11 mm. This species is well known and is fairly frequently found in collections. I have nothing to add to the information that the authors have given about it. We shall find a description and good figures of the pedicellariae in the memoire of Agassiz and Clark 1902 cited above. E. metularia is very widespread in nearly all the littoral Indo-Pacific domain. It is particularly common on the east coast of Africa from the Cape to the entrance of the Red Sea and in the African islands: Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, etc. It is also known in the seas of China, to the Philippines and to the Marianas well as the Ryukyus, but it has not been found in Japan. Finally, it is found in the Bay of Bengal, to the islands of Sunda to New Guinea, to the Solomon Islands, etc., but it does not go down to the coasts of Australia. We know it finally at the Fiji Islands, on one hand, and Hawaii, on the other. Histocidaris denticulata nov. sp. (Pl. I, fig. 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7; Pl. II, fig. 1; Pl. XXIII, fig. 1) Histocidaris elegans. Döderlein, 1907, p. 107, p. 117; pl. XIII, fig. 1 to 4 and pl. XL, fig. 3. Bay of Bengal. — 220 –240 fms. One specimen whose apical system is missing. Diameter of test 54 mm. Station 107. 9°34’57”