Citizenship and Cultural Policy Citizenship and Cultural Policy edited by Denise Meredyth and Jeffrey Minson SAGE Publications London • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi Sage Publications 2000, 2001 Originally published as a special issue of the American Behavioral Scientist (Volume 43, Number 9, June/July 2000) Revised edition published as Citizenship and Cultural Policy 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 6 Bonhill Street London EC2A 4PU SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd 32, M-Block Market Greater Kailash - I New Delhi 110 048 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 7619 6293 X Library of Congress catalog card number available from the publisher Printed in Great Britain by Athenaeum Press, Gateshead Contents The Authors vii Introduction: Resourcing Citizenries Denise Meredyth and Jeffrey Minson x 1 Community, Citizenship and the Third Way Nikolas Rose 1 2 Acting on the Social: Art, Culture, and Government Tony Bennett 18 3 The National Endowment for the Arts in the 1990s: A Black Eye on the Arts? Toby Miller 35 4 Participatory Policy Making, Ethics, and the Arts Janice Besch and Jeffrey Minson 52 5 Popular Sovereignty and Civic Education Ian Hunter and Denise Meredyth 68 6 Citizenship in the International Management of Populations Barry Hindess 92 7 Who Is the Subject of Human Rights? Anna Yeatman 104 8 Culturally Appropriate Indigenous Accountability Tim Rowse 120 9 Multicultural Broadcasting and Diasporic Video as Public Sphericules Stuart Cunningham, Gay Hawkins, Audrey Yue, Tina Nguyen, and John Sinclair 139 10 Liberal Machines Julian Thomas 154 THE AUTHORS The Authors TONY BENNETT is a professor of sociology and the director of the Pavis Cen- tre for Social and Cultural Research at the Open University. He was previously a professor of cultural studies at Griffith University and the director of the Austra- lian Key Centre for Cultural and Media Policy. His recent publications include The Birth of the Museum (1995), Culture: A Reformer’s Science, and (with Michael Emmison and John Frow) Accounting for Tastes: Australian Everyday Cultures (1999). JANICE BESCH is a cultural policy researcher and analyst currently employed by the Australia Council, the Australian Government’s arts funding and advi- sory body. She has previous experience in state and local government contexts and is currently engaged in doctoral research exploring policy and accountabil- ity frameworks for the arts. STUART CUNNINGHAM is a professor and head of the School of Media and Journalism, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. He is an author or editor of several books on Australian media, cultural policy, and global television, the most recent of which are The Media in Australia: Industries, Texts, Audiences (with Graeme Turner, 1997), NewPatterns in Global Televi- sion (with John Sinclair and Elizabeth Jacka, 1996), and Floating Lives: The Media of Asian Diasporas (with John Sinclair, 2000). GAY HAWKINS is a senior lecturer in sociology at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. She has published a book on the invocation of community in arts policy: From Nimbin to Mardi Gras: Constructing Commu- nity Arts (1993) as well as numerous articles on transformations in public ser- vice broadcasting and television value and difference. BARRY HINDESS is a professor of political science in the Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University. His most recent books are Discourses of Power: From Hobbes to Foucault (1996) and (edited with Mitch- ell Dean) Governing Australia: Studies in Contemporary Rationalities of Gov- ernment (1998). He is currently preparing a book on democracy to be published by Routledge. IAN HUNTER is the director of the Centre for Advanced Studies in the Human- ities at Griffith University, Brisbane. He is the author of a number of books and articles dealing with the history of ethical disciplines and deportments. These include Culture andGovernment: The Emergence of Literary Education (1988) and Rethinking the School (1994). He has recently completed a book on the rela- tion between civil and metaphysical philosophy in early modern Germany. vii viii THE AUTHORS DENISE MEREDYTH is a research fellow at the Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. She has published on issues related to the historical and contemporary study of education, citizen- ship, and governance and is currently completing work on civics, ethics, and pluralism, as well as a policy report on information technology and Australian education. Publications include Child and Citizen: Genealogies of Schooling andSubjectivity (1993, coedited with Deborah Tyler). TOBY MILLER is a professor of cultural studies and cultural policy at New York University. He is the author of The Well-TemperedSelf: Citizenship, Cul- ture, and the Postmodern Subject (1993), Contemporary Australian Television (with S. Cunningham, 1994), The Avengers (1997), Technologies of Truth: Cul- tural Citizenship and the Popular Media (1998), and Popular Culture and Everyday Life (with A. McHoul, 1998). He is the editor of Television andNew Media, is coeditor of Social Text, and has also edited the following three books: SportCult (with R. Martin, 1999), Film and Theory: An Anthology (with R. Stam, 2000), and A Companion to Film Theory (with R. Stam, 2000). JEFFREY MINSON is currently a research fellow at the University of Tech- nology, Sydney, Australia. He is the author of Questions of Conduct: Sexual Harassment, Citizenship, Government (1993) and of Genealogies of Morals: Nietzsche,Foucault,Donzelot and the Eccentricity of Ethics (1985). He has written on ethics, public policy, legal studies, and cultural history. He is prepar- ing a book on the significance of the history of civility for current debates about the alleged deficiencies of democratic politics and government. TINA NGUYEN is a postgraduate student in the Australian Key Centre for Cul- tural and Media Policy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. NIKOLAS ROSE is a professor of sociology at Goldsmiths College, Univer- sity of London. His recent books include Inventing Ourselves (1996), Gov- erning the Soul (2nd ed., 1999), and Powers of Freedom (1999). TIM ROWSE is a research fellow in the Department of Government and Public Administration, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. His studies of the application of ethnographic knowledge to public policy have found expression in his books Remote Possibilities: The Aboriginal Domain and the Administra- tive Imagination (1992) and Traditions for Health: Studies in Aboriginal Recon- struction (1996). JOHN SINCLAIR is a professor in the Department of Communication, Lan- guage and Cultural Studies, Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. He has published widely on the globalization of the television and advertising industries, with special attention to Asia and Latin America. THE AUTHORS ix JULIAN THOMAS is senior research fellow with the Australian Key Centre for Cultural and Media Policy, Griffith University. He has written widely on information policy, cultural history, and intellectual property. ANNA YEATMAN is a professor of sociology at Macquarie University in Syd- ney, Australia. She is the author of Bureaucrats, Technocrats,Femocrats (1990) and Postmodern Revisionings of the Political (1994); and of a forthcoming book, The Politics of Individuality. She is also the editor or coeditor of a number of col- lections, the three most recent of which are Activism and the Policy Process (1998), The New Contractualism (1997), and Justice andIdentity (1995). AUDREY YUE is a lecturer in cultural studies, Melbourne University, Mel- bourne, Australia. CITIZENSHIPMeredyth, Minson AND / INTRODUCTION CULTURAL POLICY Introduction Resourcing Citizenries DENISE MEREDYTH Swinburne University of Technology JEFFREY MINSON University of Technology, Sydney This collection of articles is designed to explore the overlap between the social and political analysis of citizenship and applied work in cultural and media pol- icy. The articles in this volume tackle a variety of topics from different theoreti- cal and disciplinary perspectives, but each bears on some central questions: To what extent are national governments responsible for providing common cul- tural resources to rights-bearing citizens? What is the range of rationales avail- able for states to use in allocating such resources? And how are such rationales likely to be affected by economic internationalization, supranational agree- ments, diasporic migration, multiethnicity, and grassroots community politics? These issues bear on debates in two territories, across a borderline that is often crossed, but rarely marked (see Bridges, 1994; Corrigan & Sayer, 1985; Dahlgren & Sparks, 1991; Kaplan, 1993; Rabinow, 1989). The first of these is the burgeoning field of citizenship studies, which sprawls across sociology, political science, philosophy, intellectual history, and ethics (see, e.g., Beiner, 1995; Commen, 1997; Klusmeyer, 1996; Mouffe, 1992; Turner, 1993, Turner & Hamilton, 1994; Van Steenbergen, 1994; Walzer, 1997).