DOCUMENT RESUME L ED 209 119 SE 035 928 A . TITLE' . Microscopic Analysis, of Activated Sludge. Training - Manual. IP 'INSTITUTION A Office of Viatr--4graik Operations(EPA)r, Cincin L'Ohio. FatipAil Training and Operational Technology , . , '. - Center. :' ''' , * 3, FEPORT NO EPA-430/1-80-007 , , POP ODE Jun 80 NOTE 250p.; Contains,occasional light and broken type. -Pages'1-198 ',Field Key to Some Genera of Algae', and . ',Ciliated isiotoZoa removed due.to copyright % 'restrictions. H AVAILABLE FROMEPA Indtructional'Reiources Center, 1200 Chambers , Rd., 3rd,ylbor, Columbus, OH 432124$1.00 plus $0.:03 . ..... per Otge). O . .. EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. * . DESCRIPTORS .Biological Stiences; Data Analysis; *Laboratory Equipment; *Laboratory Procedures; AIMicrobiology; . - *Microscopes:, Postsecondary Education; *Water , , 'Pollution; :water lesouices 'IDENTIFIERS Activated Sludge; Analytical Methods; *Waste Water Treatment * a7tBSTRACT ---/-: 4 , This trIiniA4 manual pwents material on the useA Of a compound microscope to analyze microscope communities, present in wastewater tteatient procefses, for operational control. Course topics includei sampling techniques, sample ha moiling, lairdratory analysis, iderftificatiot, of organisms, data interpretation,. and use '4 heecomOcund microscope: This manual contains 26 chapters including reading material,- 'laboratory activities, 'and selected references. Prior expgriende ip-microscopy is not necessary. (Co) .. ' tr **********i***************************************4*************i.***** * Reproductions suppliedrbEDRS atethe best that can be made,. *.-- * fromIthe'original document.- **********,**************ts***********************Ig******************* t° United States National Training EPA-430/1-80-007 Environmental Protection and Operational June 1980 , Agen Cy Technology Center Cincinnati OH 45268 Water aEPA Microscopic Analysis of N r-4 Activated Sludge A o rJ Training Manual rA U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDVCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC, This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization onginatino a XMinor changes have been made to improve reproduction guat Points of view of 01)16'10ns4. stated in this docu mem do not necessarily represent official N1E position or policy, li S 4 (7- _IL J1_ __ LLINJ __ __ EPA-430/1-80-007 1. 4 June-198Q Microicopic Anasis of Activated Sludge This course is for anyone who needs the skills to use a compound' microscope toanalyze microscopic communities, present in wastewater treatment processes, for operational control.Prior experience in microscopy 'is not necessary:. `After successfully.completing the course; the student will be able to relate microscopic communities present in the wastewater treatment process to operational . controls. The student will also be capable of instructing treatril4nt plant personnel in the more proficient use of .the compound mitroscope and re1ating communities present to operational control. 4 The training, includes classroom instruction and laboratory practice. S f . A 4' % U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION' GENCY Office of, Water Program Operations National Training and Operational Technology Center 4. r DISCLAIMER ., Reference to commercial products, trade names, or manufacturers` is for_purposes of example and illustration. Such reference's do not constitute ehdorgement by the Officeof Water Program Operations, U. S. Environmental 4201).. Protection Agency. z 0 4 CONTENTS r f Title or Description -Outline Number The Aquatic Environrdent 1 Classification of Communities, Ecosystems, .and Trophic Levels 2 Limnology and Ecology'of Plankton - 3 Biology', of Zooplankton 4 , Optics and the Microscope 5 Strubture and Function. of Cells 6 Bacteria and Protozoa as Tokicological Indicators 7 iiamentous Bacteria Fungi and the "Sewage Fungus" Community Protozoa, Neniatodes, and Rotifers' 0 Activated sludge Protozoa 11 A Free-Living Amoebae and Nematodes 12 Animal Plankton 13 Preparation and Enumeration of Plankton in the Laboratory 14 sg Attached Growths 15 Effect of WaVewater Treatment Plant Effluent on Small Streams 16 iol Ecology WaLste Stabilization Processes 17 Ecology Primer 18 The Laivs of Ecology 1 Application Orlifological Data 20 Signilicance of 9Limiting Factors" to POPulation Variation 21 Algae and Cultural Eutrophication 22 Calibration and Use of Plankton Counting Equipment 23 . t Laboratory: Proportional Counting. of Mixed Liquor . 24 Key to Selected' Groups of Freshwater Ant . 25 ... ,A Key for the Initial Separation of Sortie Co on Plankton Organisms 26. i . .- Field Key to Some Genera of Algae Ciliated, Protozoa r 5 / Z 'AQUATICAQUATIC ENVIRONMENT Part 1: e Nature and Behavior of Water IINTRODUCTION .forms, but also with living Organisms' and infinite interactions that occur The earth is physicy divisible into the bet hem and their environment. lithospherekor land ma ses, and the hydrosphereiwhich includes the oceans, C Water quality management, including lakes, stre(ms, and subterranean waters; pollution control, thus looks to all and the atmosphere. branches of aquatic science in efforts to coordinate and improve man's toUpon the hydrospere are based a number relationship with his aquatic environment. of sciences which represent different approaches. Hydrology is the general science of water itself with its various special fields suclkas hydrography, - IISOME FACTS ABOUT WATER hydri.tros, etc.These in turn merge into physical chemistry and chemistry. AN.Water is the only abundant liquid on ota planet(It has many properties most B Limnology and Oceanography combine unustial for liquids, upon which depend aspects of all of thegei and deal not oaly, most df the familiar aspebts of the world with the physical liquid water and its about us as we know it.ZSee Table 1) various naturally occurring solutions and TABLE 1 UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF WATER . Pro2erty_ Significance Highest heat capacity (specific heat) of any Stabilizes temperatures of oilanismstand sulici or liquid (except NH3) ',geographical regions Highest latent heat of fusion (except NH / Thermostatic effect at freezing point 3 Highest heat.of evaporation of any substance Important in heat and water transfer of atmosphere The only substance that has its maximum Fresh and brackish waters have maximum density as a liquid (4°C) density abode freezing point.This is - impo ;tant in- vertical circulation pattern in lager. Highest surface tension of any liquid Controls surface and drop phenomena. iniportant in cellular physiology . Dissolves more substances in greater Makes complex biological system possible. quantity than any othei. liquid Important for transportation of materials 'in solution. Pure water has the bfgheat di- electric Leads to high dissociation of inorganic ,natant Of any liquid . substances in solution . Very little electrolytic dissaciat Neutral, yetcontains,both ft+ and OH ions 1, Relatively transparent AbsOrbs much,energy In infra red and ultra violet ranges, bta little in visible range. Bence ."color less" . `,1 21g23. 80 4 a t, The Aquatic Envitomnent i 4 a B ysical-Factors of Significance TABLE 2 1 Water substance EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON DENSITY - OF PURE WATER AND ICE* Water is not, simply "H20" but in reality is a mixture ofsome 33 Temperature (°C) Density different substances involving three isotAeS each of hydrogen andoxygen Water (ordinary hydrogen 111,,deuterium and tritium H3; ordinary oxygen al°, -10 .99815 .9397 oxygen 17; and oxygen 18) plus 15 - 8 99869 .9360 known ty }es of ions.The molecules ,-6 9991'2 .9020 of a water mass tend to associate .99945 .9277 themselves as polymers 'rather than 2 .99970 .92,29 to remain as discrete units. '0 .99987 ---)9168 (See Figure 1) . '2 .99997 6 4 1.00000 6 .99997 .99988 SUBSTANCE OF PURE WATER 16 .99973 206: .99823 40 .99225 60 .98324 80_ .97183 I 100 '".195838 Tabular values for density, etc.; represent estimates brvarious workers rather than absolute values, due to the variability of water. * *Regular Ice is knoivn as "ice I. Fouror more other "forms" of ice are known.tq _exist (ice II, ice III, etc. ), having densities ° at 1 atm pressure ranging'from 1.1595 - I -,to 1.67.These are of.extremely restricted occurrence and. may be ignored in most Figure I routine operations. - 2Density This epsures°That ice usually forms on top of a body of water a TeMperature and density: Ice. ( and tends'to insulate the renfain- Water is the only known substance ing water mass from fuither_loss in which the solid.state will float of heat. Did ice sink, there on the liquid state.(See Table 2) could be little or no carryover of aquatic life from.season to season in-the higher latitudes.Frazil or needle ice forms colloid fly at a few Thousandths of a- degree -below CI° C.It is adhesiye arid may build up on submerged objects as "anchor ice's', but it is still .typical-ice (ice I): The Aquatic Enviionmentt Seasonal increase in solar Mineral-rich water from the radiation annually warms hypolimnion, for example,,,, surface waters in summer is mi.Red with oxygenated while other factors result in . water from the epilimnion.. winter cooling. The density This usually triggers a war differences resulting establish sudden growth or.ubloom" two classic layer's: the epilimnion of. plankton organisms. .or surface layer,' and the hypolimnion or lower layer, and 6)When stratification is present, in between.is the thermocline however, each layer belgiaves, or shear-plane. relativelytindependently, and significant quality 'differences.