Improving and Expanding Solid Waste Collection in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Final Solid Waste Management Plan: Collection Strategies January 2004 Research Triangle Institute (USA) In association with PT Deserco Development Services LAG-I-818-99-00009-00 Task Order 818, SUM IQC Improved and Expanded Solid Waste Collection in Manado, Indonesia Table of Contents SECTION 1 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................................1 SECTION 2 – INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................4 2.1 Project Goals and Objectives..............................................................................................5 2.2 Existing Solid Waste Management Problems In Manado..................................................7 2.3 Potential Effect On Tourism Industry................................................................................8 SECTION 3 – BACKGROUND..........................................................................................10 3.1 Demographics And Locale ...............................................................................................10 3.2 Recent Solid Waste Initiatives and Projects in Manado...................................................12 3.3 Solid Waste Generation In Manado ................................................................................14 SECTION 4 - CURRENT SWM PRACTICES IN MANADO..........................................17 4.1 Context for Evaluating Solid Waste Management in Manado.........................................17 4.2 Current Technical/Operational Practices..........................................................................17 4.3 Economic/Financial Practices .........................................................................................23 4.4 Legal/Institutional Practices .............................................................................................27 SECTION 5 - SOLID WASTE COLLECTION DEFICIENCY ANALYSIS ...................29 5.1 Technical/Operational Deficiencies .................................................................................29 5.2 Economic/Financial Deficiencies.....................................................................................30 5.3 Legal/Institutional Deficiencies........................................................................................31 SECTION 6 - TARGET COLLECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE...................................37 6.1 Service Options ................................................................................................................37 6.2 Recommended Primary (Kelurahan Level) Collection Target Level of Service .............43 6.3 Recommended Secondary (Kecamatan/BPK) Collection Level of Service.....................44 6.4 Commercial/Industrial Waste ..........................................................................................44 SECTION 7 - RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES AND MODELS..................................46 7.1 Solid Waste Generators ....................................................................................................46 7.2 Kelurahan.........................................................................................................................47 7.3 Kecamatan........................................................................................................................49 7.4 Municipality .....................................................................................................................50 SECTION 8 - KEY IMPLEMENTATION ACTION STRATEGIES................................53 8.1 Private Sector Involvement ..............................................................................................53 8.2 Public Awareness, Cooperation and Participation...........................................................53 8.3 Cost Recovery and Financial Resources ..........................................................................54 8.4 SWM Technical Capacity Building..................................................................................57 APPENDICES Appendix A - List of Acronyms..............................................................................................59 Appendix B - Profiles - Kecamatan Solid Waste Management ..............................................61 Appendix C - Profiles – Recyclable Markets in Manado........................................................98 Appendix D - Profile – Cleanliness Award Programs in Manado ........................................107 Appendix E - Needs Assessment Criteria for BPK/Kecamatan/Kelurahan Evaluation........110 Appendix F - Sustainable Solid Waste Management Practices Summary............................111 i Improved and Expanded Solid Waste Collection in Manado, Indonesia LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 - Kecamatan Demographics ....................................................................................11 Table 3.2 - Solid Waste Generation/Collection Data ..............................................................14 Table 3.3 - PD Pasar Markets..................................................................................................15 Table 3.4 - Companies Categorized as Industry in Manado Retribusi Program.....................16 Table 4.1 - Residential Solid Waste Management Equipment ................................................19 Table 4.2 - Residential Solid Waste Management Personnel..................................................19 Table 4.3 - Solid Waste Services Fee Schedule ......................................................................24 Table 4.4 - Cost Revenue Summary – 2002............................................................................25 Table 4.5 - Decrees, Decisions of the Mayor and Laws Pertaining to SWM..........................28 Table 8.1 - SWM Cost Recovery Options ...............................................................................56 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 - Residential Solid Waste Control Matrix................................................................6 Figure 2.2 - SWM Cause and Effect Diagram ..........................................................................7 Figure 3.1 - City of Manado Administrative Structure ...........................................................10 Figure 3.2 - Area Administrative Map ....................................................................................13 Figure 4.1 - Integrated Solid Waste Management Model.......................................................17 Figure 4.2 - Residential Solid Waste Collection Alternatives.................................................18 Figure 4.3 - Market Solid Waste Collection Technical Configurations ..................................18 Figure 4.5 - SWM Cash Flow Schematic................................................................................23 Figure 6.1 - Examples of Handcarts and Tricycles .................................................................38 Figure 6.1 - Examples of Motorized Vehicles.........................................................................40 Figure 7.1 - Solid Waste Collection Improvement Strategies.................................................46 LIST OF PICTURES Picture 2.1 - Manado Bay..........................................................................................................9 Picture 2.2 - Solid Waste Recovered During Bunaken Cleanup Project...................................9 Picture 2.3 - Solid Waste Along Road and in Drainage Structure ............................................9 Picture 2.4 - Solid Waste Along Manado Waterfront ...............................................................9 Picture 4.1 - Typical TPS Structure.........................................................................................20 Picture 4.2 - TPS in Commercial Area....................................................................................20 Picture 4.3 - BPK Solid Waste Container in Commercial Area..............................................20 Picture 4.4 - BPK Container on Residential Street..................................................................20 Picture 4.5 - Typical Solid Waste Collection Vehicle.............................................................21 Picture 4.6 - Waste Collection Crew and Vehicle in Commercial Area .................................21 Picture 4.7 - Tionghua Association Collection Vehicle ..........................................................21 Picture 4.8 - Typical Primary Collection Cart.........................................................................21 Picture 4.9 - Scavengers at Collection Vehicle at TPA Sumompo .........................................22 Picture 4.10 - Scavengers at Work at TPA Sumompo ............................................................22 Picture 4.11 - Scavengers at Work at TPA Sumompo ............................................................22 Picture 4.12 - Recycling Center Commodities........................................................................22 Picture 5.1 - TPS over Drainage Structure along Residential Street.......................................33 Picture 5.2 - TPS over Drainage Structure ..............................................................................33 Picture 5.3 - TPS and Overflow Solid Waste in Drainage Course..........................................33 Picture 5.4 - Secondary Collection Process at Informal TPS..................................................33